{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154019272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lacap67012.2026.11471220","title":"Butler Matrix with Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology for mmW Applications","display_name":"Butler Matrix with Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology for mmW Applications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154019272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lacap67012.2026.11471220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lacap67012.2026.11471220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lacap67012.2026.11471220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lacap67012.2026.11471220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086465","display_name":"IEEE Latin American Conference on Antennas and Propagation (LACAP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 2nd Latin American Conference on Antennas and Propagation (LACAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121532550","display_name":"Cristina Ramos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univerisit\u00e1t Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia,ITEAM Group,Valencia,Espa\u00f1a"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univerisit\u00e1t Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia,ITEAM Group,Valencia,Espa\u00f1a","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021492165","display_name":"Fernando Carrera-Su\u00e1rez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Carrera-Su\u00e1rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional,Departamento de Telecomunicaciones,Quito,Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional,Departamento de Telecomunicaciones,Quito,Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010093871","display_name":"Diana V. Navarro-Mendez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-3669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-3669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Navarro-M\u00e9ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional,Departamento de Telecomunicaciones,Quito,Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional,Departamento de Telecomunicaciones,Quito,Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053009515","display_name":"Mariano Baquero-Escudero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-5431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-5431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Baquero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univerisit\u00e1t Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia,ITEAM Group,Valencia,Espa\u00f1a"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univerisit\u00e1t Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia,ITEAM Group,Valencia,Espa\u00f1a","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butler-matrix","display_name":"Butler matrix","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridge-gap-waveguide","display_name":"ridge gap waveguide","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter-wave","display_name":"millimeter wave","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/20-ghz","display_name":"20 GHz","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing","display_name":"additive manufacturing","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"insertion loss","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-loss","display_name":"return loss","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-dispersion","display_name":"phase dispersion","score":0.7429999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.24549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984692560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523846","display_name":"Integrated optics","level":2,"score":0.23319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776275307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649466","display_name":"S-matrix theory","level":3,"score":0.22869999706745148}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lacap67012.2026.11471220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lacap67012.2026.11471220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lacap67012.2026.11471220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086465","display_name":"IEEE Latin American Conference on Antennas and Propagation (LACAP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 2nd Latin American Conference on Antennas and Propagation (LACAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355796413","https://openalex.org/W2884212466","https://openalex.org/W3121042301","https://openalex.org/W3135804598","https://openalex.org/W4255319846","https://openalex.org/W4285329946","https://openalex.org/W4386524249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281386233","https://openalex.org/W3013048271","https://openalex.org/W7010126255","https://openalex.org/W1911314884","https://openalex.org/W4255319846","https://openalex.org/W7212122130","https://openalex.org/W4285347731","https://openalex.org/W4285329946","https://openalex.org/W4285112387","https://openalex.org/W2776401788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,22,42,51],"design":[4,23],"of":[5,33,64],"a$\\mathbf{4}":[6],"\\boldsymbol{\\times}":[7],"\\mathbf{4}$Butler":[8],"matrix":[9,28],"at":[10],"20":[11],"GHz":[12,39],"using":[13,24],"RGW":[14],"technology.":[15],"The":[16,27,54,67],"main":[17],"idea":[18],"is":[19],"to":[20],"build":[21],"additive":[25],"printing.":[26],"has":[29,60],"an":[30],"insertion":[31],"loss":[32],"0.55":[34],"dB":[35,49],"in":[36],"a":[37,61],"2":[38],"bandwidth,":[40],"and":[41],"return":[43],"losses":[44],"are":[45],"better":[46],"than":[47],"24":[48],"over":[50],"entire":[52],"bandwidth.":[53],"phase":[55],"difference":[56],"between":[57],"adjacent":[58],"ports":[59],"maximum":[62],"dispersion":[63],"4":[65],"degrees.":[66],"final":[68],"prototype":[69],"will":[70],"has$71":[71],"\\times":[72],"55":[73],"~\\text{mm}$.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
