{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7153444077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66030/arsco.0030","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7153444077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66030/arsco.0030"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.66030/arsco.0030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66030/arsco.0030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66030/arsco.0030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126564782","display_name":"\u062f. \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u062f. \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0648\u064a","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126564782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61311475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11755","display_name":"Transboundary Water Resource Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq-war","display_name":"Iraq War","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact-of-war","display_name":"environmental impact of war","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-contamination","display_name":"radioactive contamination","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-contamination","display_name":"chemical pollution","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shatt-al-arab","display_name":"Shatt Al-Arab River","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-infrastructure-damage","display_name":"water infrastructure damage","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-scarcity","display_name":"water scarcity","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desertification","display_name":"desertification","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dust-storms","display_name":"dust storms","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depleted-uranium","display_name":"depleted uranium","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-effects","display_name":"health effects","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6317999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637703","display_name":"Debris","level":2,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58790150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10966166","display_name":"Sewage","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154038757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817114","display_name":"Radioactive contamination","level":3,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.66030/arsco.0030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66030/arsco.0030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66030/arsco.0030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6618000268936157},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4390000104904175}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401211633","https://openalex.org/W7171796307","https://openalex.org/W4399610219","https://openalex.org/W7161425444","https://openalex.org/W4283651111","https://openalex.org/W4362686230","https://openalex.org/W4390440306","https://openalex.org/W7066711995","https://openalex.org/W2992678116","https://openalex.org/W7217929232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,115],"examines":[2],"the":[3,7,32,43,71,82,112,118,121],"environmental":[4,26,68,122,138],"impacts":[5],"of":[6,11,63,88,120],"2003":[8],"military":[9],"invasion":[10],"Iraq":[12],"and":[13,55,59,78,84,93,102,125],"its":[14],"continued":[15],"occupation.":[16],"It":[17],"is":[18],"divided":[19],"into":[20],"two":[21],"main":[22],"areas:":[23],"(1)":[24],"Direct":[25],"damages,":[27],"including":[28,70],"radioactive":[29],"contamination":[30,106],"at":[31,42],"Iraqi":[33],"Atomic":[34],"Energy":[35],"Organization":[36],"site":[37],"in":[38,49],"Tuwaitha,":[39],"chemical":[40],"pollution":[41,60],"Daura":[44],"oil":[45,64],"refinery,":[46],"ship":[47],"debris":[48],"Shatt":[50],"al-Arab,":[51],"damage":[52],"to":[53,130,134],"sewage":[54],"drinking":[56],"water":[57,72],"infrastructure,":[58],"from":[61],"destruction":[62],"facilities.":[65],"(2)":[66],"Indirect":[67],"effects,":[69],"scarcity":[73],"crisis":[74],"caused":[75],"by":[76],"Turkish":[77],"Iranian":[79],"dams":[80],"on":[81],"Tigris":[83],"Euphrates":[85],"rivers,":[86],"drying":[87],"southern":[89],"marshlands,":[90],"land":[91],"degradation":[92],"desertification,":[94],"increasing":[95],"dust":[96],"storms":[97],"contaminated":[98],"with":[99,107],"heavy":[100],"metals,":[101],"widespread":[103],"depleted":[104],"uranium":[105],"severe":[108],"health":[109],"consequences":[110],"for":[111],"population.":[113],"The":[114],"concludes":[116],"that":[117],"collapse":[119],"protection":[123],"system":[124],"institutional":[126],"opacity":[127],"have":[128],"led":[129],"a":[131],"complete":[132],"failure":[133],"address":[135],"these":[136],"accumulated":[137],"crises.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2026-04-12T00:00:00"}