{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7152000430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","title":"Morphometrical characterization and structural indices of indigenous Tswana sheep subpopulations in Botswana: a prerequisite towards accurate type classification of indigenous Tswana sheep","display_name":"Morphometrical characterization and structural indices of indigenous Tswana sheep subpopulations in Botswana: a prerequisite towards accurate type classification of indigenous Tswana sheep","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7152000430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161957261","display_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","issn_l":"0971-2119","issn":["0971-2119","0974-1844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005792908","display_name":"Monosi Andries Bolowe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598453","display_name":"Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05qjm4845","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Monosi Andries Bolowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093537514","display_name":"KAELO PELOTSHWEU","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598453","display_name":"Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05qjm4845","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pelotshweu Kaelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036816355","display_name":"Ketshephaone Thutwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5158-9837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5158-9837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598453","display_name":"Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05qjm4845","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ketshephaone Thutwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090222789","display_name":"Phetogo Ineeleng Monau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6992-1161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6992-1161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598453","display_name":"Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05qjm4845","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phetogo Ineeleng Monau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076279502","display_name":"Kethusegile Raphaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-8250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-8250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598424","display_name":"National Agricultural Research and Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05bjxv014","country_code":"BW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598424"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kethusegile Raphaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal production and Health, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal production and Health, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107070577","display_name":"Patrick Monametsi Kgwatalala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598453","display_name":"Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05qjm4845","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Monametsi Kgwatalala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005792908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598453"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1533},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1533},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14499","display_name":"Livestock Farming and Management","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13294","display_name":"Livestock and Poultry Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-sheep","display_name":"indigenous sheep","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphometric-traits","display_name":"morphometric parameters","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-indicators","display_name":"structural indicators","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coat-color","display_name":"coat color","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-dimorphism","display_name":"sexual dimorphism","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-body-proportions","display_name":"body proportions","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-improvement","display_name":"genetic improvement","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botswana","display_name":"Botswana","score":0.8769999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779375070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34137","display_name":"Tswana","level":2,"score":0.9337000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.8432000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5472999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.23399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.23260000348091125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161957261","display_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","issn_l":"0971-2119","issn":["0971-2119","0974-1844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:931cdd01bac24f31b28e24414cdea41a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/931cdd01bac24f31b28e24414cdea41a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research, Vol 54, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2026.2651858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161957261","display_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","issn_l":"0971-2119","issn":["0971-2119","0974-1844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988886900","https://openalex.org/W2073119145","https://openalex.org/W2087262120","https://openalex.org/W2113749258","https://openalex.org/W2583574814","https://openalex.org/W2796119164","https://openalex.org/W2959076672","https://openalex.org/W2964002848","https://openalex.org/W3030086700","https://openalex.org/W3113723863","https://openalex.org/W3203315038","https://openalex.org/W3217394757","https://openalex.org/W4205158164","https://openalex.org/W4220713360","https://openalex.org/W4220835187","https://openalex.org/W4386532740","https://openalex.org/W4387771486","https://openalex.org/W4388636239","https://openalex.org/W4390976513","https://openalex.org/W4392381944","https://openalex.org/W4392817019","https://openalex.org/W4392914222","https://openalex.org/W4401882245","https://openalex.org/W4401897820","https://openalex.org/W4409466255","https://openalex.org/W4417136346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807878435","https://openalex.org/W1988886900","https://openalex.org/W2602100299","https://openalex.org/W1967254802","https://openalex.org/W3177891960","https://openalex.org/W4408156321","https://openalex.org/W6930679105","https://openalex.org/W3203315038","https://openalex.org/W3207250517","https://openalex.org/W2884977878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,173,187],"study":[1,188],"was":[2,113],"conducted":[3],"to":[4],"describe":[5],"indigenous":[6,205],"Tswana":[7,58,156,182],"sheep":[8,27,59,79,157,183],"subpopulations":[9,60,117],"based":[10],"on":[11,18,25],"morphometric":[12,47,122],"traits":[13,22,74,92,148],"and":[14,20,36,69,106,110,131,139,169,179,197],"structural":[15,40],"indices.":[16],"Data":[17],"qualitative":[19],"quantitative":[21],"were":[23,42,52],"made":[24],"1330":[26],"of":[28,129,181,204],"both":[29],"sexes":[30],"aged":[31],"1\u20133":[32],"years":[33],"in":[34,64],"southern":[35],"central":[37],"AEZ.":[38],"Fourteen":[39],"indices":[41,153],"calculated":[43],"from":[44],"individual":[45],"animal":[46],"trait":[48],"measurements.":[49],"The":[50,135],"data":[51],"analyzed":[53],"using":[54],"Statistical":[55],"Analysis":[56],"System.":[57],"significantly":[61,144],"(p<0.05)":[62,145],"varied":[63],"coat":[65,83],"colour":[66,84],"type,":[67],"head":[68],"back":[70],"profiles":[71],"while":[72],"other":[73],"did":[75],"not":[76],"differ.":[77],"Most":[78],"have":[80],"a":[81,101],"plain":[82],"pattern":[85],"(64.4%),":[86],"multicoloured":[87],"(48.5%),":[88],"with":[89,100,118,164],"the":[90,201],"dominant":[91],"being":[93],"white":[94],"skin":[95],"coats,":[96],"short":[97],"fat":[98],"tails":[99],"thin":[102],"tip,":[103],"straight":[104],"heads":[105],"back,":[107],"semi-pendulous":[108],"ears":[109],"polled.":[111],"There":[112],"sexual":[114],"dimorphism":[115],"across":[116],"rams":[119],"exhibiting":[120],"higher":[121,146],"values":[123],"than":[124,149],"ewes,":[125],"except":[126],"Botswana":[127],"University":[128],"Agriculture":[130],"Natural":[132],"Resources":[133],"flock.":[134],"National":[136],"Agricultural":[137],"Research":[138],"Development":[140],"Institute":[141],"flock":[142],"had":[143],"biometric":[147],"their":[150],"counterparts.":[151],"Structural":[152],"indicated":[154],"that":[155],"are":[158],"well":[159],"balanced":[160],"(body":[161],"ratio:":[162],"1.00),":[163],"good":[165,176],"thoracic":[166],"development":[167],"(>2.1)":[168],"rectangular":[170],"(proportionality:":[171],"100).":[172],"indicates":[174],"fitness,":[175],"respiratory":[177],"adaptation":[178],"inclination":[180],"towards":[184],"meat-type":[185],"aptitude.":[186],"provides":[189],"information":[190,192],"key":[191],"for":[193,200],"designing":[194],"genetic":[195],"improvement":[196],"conservation":[198],"programmes":[199],"sustainable":[202],"utilization":[203],"sheep.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2026-04-09T00:00:00"}
