{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7150922864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2026.02.010","title":"An update on community water fluoridation, part 2","display_name":"An update on community water fluoridation, part 2","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7150922864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2026.02.010","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41941356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2026.02.010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2026.02.010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2026.02.010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116566766","display_name":"The Journal of the American Dental Association","issn_l":"0002-8177","issn":["0002-8177","1943-4723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the American Dental Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058527553","display_name":"Jayanth V. Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-3446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-3446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336788258","display_name":"California Department of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/011cc8156","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291847170","https://openalex.org/I1336788258","https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jayanth V. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA; Now Retired, Clarksburg, MD. Electronic address: Jayvkumar@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-3446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA; Now Retired, Clarksburg, MD. Electronic address: Jayvkumar@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336788258"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010165489","display_name":"Steven Marc Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9150-4199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9150-4199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047271245","display_name":"John Joseph Warren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-9973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-9973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John J. Warren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Dental Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-9973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Dental Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058527553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336788258"],"apc_list":{"value":3850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3850},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05021521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"157","issue":"5","first_page":"471","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11969","display_name":"Fluoride Effects and Removal","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11969","display_name":"Fluoride Effects and Removal","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-fluoridation","display_name":"water fluoridation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-exposure","display_name":"fluoride exposure","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-intelligence","display_name":"child intelligence","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iq","display_name":"IQ","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-fluoride","display_name":"urinary fluoride","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-endemic-areas","display_name":"fluoride endemic areas","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methodological-limitations","display_name":"methodological limitations","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"confounding","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-safety","display_name":"fluoride safety","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-intake","display_name":"drinking water consumption","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5148000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97053079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water supply","level":2,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987226825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541936","display_name":"Community participation","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473024","display_name":"Community health","level":3,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17130379","display_name":"Water safety","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533363959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474883","display_name":"Water industry","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780612607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155039","display_name":"Community practice","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005457","descriptor_name":"Fluoridation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005459","descriptor_name":"Fluorides","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005459","descriptor_name":"Fluorides","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005459","descriptor_name":"Fluorides","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015201","descriptor_name":"Meta-Analysis as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2026.02.010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2026.02.010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2026.02.010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116566766","display_name":"The Journal of the American Dental Association","issn_l":"0002-8177","issn":["0002-8177","1943-4723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the American Dental Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41941356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41941356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9598000049591064}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1852003237","https://openalex.org/W1902193009","https://openalex.org/W1991792202","https://openalex.org/W2017827400","https://openalex.org/W2018226625","https://openalex.org/W2047711595","https://openalex.org/W2065080530","https://openalex.org/W2103001770","https://openalex.org/W2119249685","https://openalex.org/W2124125947","https://openalex.org/W2168865168","https://openalex.org/W2324695785","https://openalex.org/W2337381775","https://openalex.org/W2463971692","https://openalex.org/W2492443675","https://openalex.org/W2564152927","https://openalex.org/W2568720680","https://openalex.org/W2594520938","https://openalex.org/W2756943429","https://openalex.org/W2768910690","https://openalex.org/W2781332976","https://openalex.org/W2806881585","https://openalex.org/W2891841112","https://openalex.org/W2968017692","https://openalex.org/W2985720916","https://openalex.org/W2987621280","https://openalex.org/W2995652410","https://openalex.org/W3020365990","https://openalex.org/W3021297090","https://openalex.org/W3021983165","https://openalex.org/W3094792968","https://openalex.org/W3111535819","https://openalex.org/W3115475722","https://openalex.org/W3117612263","https://openalex.org/W3164091207","https://openalex.org/W3168019996","https://openalex.org/W3198308502","https://openalex.org/W3204789839","https://openalex.org/W3217224853","https://openalex.org/W4205384179","https://openalex.org/W4221116154","https://openalex.org/W4285490455","https://openalex.org/W4313503350","https://openalex.org/W4314434820","https://openalex.org/W4367315551","https://openalex.org/W4377969117","https://openalex.org/W4379051693","https://openalex.org/W4386982196","https://openalex.org/W4387359064","https://openalex.org/W4391567641","https://openalex.org/W4393154060","https://openalex.org/W4402033896","https://openalex.org/W4405542949","https://openalex.org/W4406098754","https://openalex.org/W4406099213","https://openalex.org/W4408245846","https://openalex.org/W4410302147","https://openalex.org/W4415758747","https://openalex.org/W4416368347","https://openalex.org/W4416368361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367315551","https://openalex.org/W7131853682","https://openalex.org/W2168865168","https://openalex.org/W4411030090","https://openalex.org/W2781332976","https://openalex.org/W2261962440","https://openalex.org/W4410909729","https://openalex.org/W4314434820","https://openalex.org/W4406098754","https://openalex.org/W4393011430"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-04-07T00:00:00"}
