{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7150870368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","title":"Cycling in New York, London, Paris, and Berlin before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic","display_name":"Cycling in New York, London, Paris, and Berlin before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7150870368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62510030","display_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","issn_l":"1556-8318","issn":["1556-8318","1556-8334"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051099600","display_name":"Ralph Buehler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1254-2224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1254-2224"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Buehler","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public and International Affairs, Virginia Tech Research Center (VTRC)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1254-2224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public and International Affairs, Virginia Tech Research Center (VTRC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081498093","display_name":"John R. Pucher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-2383","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-2383"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Pucher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-2383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marcel Moran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-4971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-4971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Moran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Planning, Policy, and Env. Studies, San Jose State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-4971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Planning, Policy, and Env. Studies, San Jose State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023611548","display_name":"Emmanuel de Lanversin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel de Lanversin","raw_affiliation_strings":["French Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Sustainable Development (emeritus)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"French Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Sustainable Development (emeritus)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014310045","display_name":"Rachel Aldred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-7251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-7251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Aldred","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-7251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051099600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2448,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99084796,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"9","first_page":"951","last_page":"968"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"transportation and logistics systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling","display_name":"cycling","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-safety","display_name":"cyclist safety","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-injuries","display_name":"cyclist injuries","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-infrastructure","display_name":"cycling infrastructure","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-bike-lanes","display_name":"protected bike lanes","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicycle-parking","display_name":"bicycle parking","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bike-sharing","display_name":"bike sharing","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-calming","display_name":"traffic calming","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-advocacy","display_name":"cycling advocacy","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-transport-policy","display_name":"urban transport policy","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york-city","display_name":"New York City","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/london","display_name":"London","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paris","display_name":"Paris","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/berlin","display_name":"Berlin","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.710099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7092000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019926118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2723958","display_name":"Influenza pandemic","level":5,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62510030","display_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","issn_l":"1556-8318","issn":["1556-8318","1556-8334"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15568318.2026.2649315?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62510030","display_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","issn_l":"1556-8318","issn":["1556-8318","1556-8334"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sustainable Transportation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7150870368.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7150870368.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602514964","https://openalex.org/W2062432513","https://openalex.org/W2607480509","https://openalex.org/W2924594859","https://openalex.org/W2949660340","https://openalex.org/W3001761320","https://openalex.org/W3083915817","https://openalex.org/W3126545929","https://openalex.org/W3126770057","https://openalex.org/W3126845252","https://openalex.org/W3126920625","https://openalex.org/W3127067390","https://openalex.org/W3127692775","https://openalex.org/W3127729050","https://openalex.org/W3128183269","https://openalex.org/W3128236863","https://openalex.org/W3128439354","https://openalex.org/W3128719630","https://openalex.org/W3129128665","https://openalex.org/W3163842369","https://openalex.org/W4206349587","https://openalex.org/W4220949464","https://openalex.org/W4241806775","https://openalex.org/W4248104337","https://openalex.org/W4282933118","https://openalex.org/W4286511736","https://openalex.org/W4362556459","https://openalex.org/W4366979971","https://openalex.org/W4366989534","https://openalex.org/W4382602070","https://openalex.org/W4391353052","https://openalex.org/W4391428514","https://openalex.org/W4400006555","https://openalex.org/W4403902586","https://openalex.org/W4410039280","https://openalex.org/W4411148657","https://openalex.org/W4412090350","https://openalex.org/W7130614258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282933118","https://openalex.org/W3150052136","https://openalex.org/W132653049","https://openalex.org/W4366989534","https://openalex.org/W4402058311","https://openalex.org/W4293538576","https://openalex.org/W4200216455","https://openalex.org/W4408402994","https://openalex.org/W1965016635","https://openalex.org/W4407002581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"compares":[2],"trends":[3,29],"in":[4,13,30,65,70,99,106,112,119,139,142,145,149,154,223],"cycling":[5,10,174,232],"levels,":[6],"cyclist":[7],"demographics":[8],"and":[9,18,21,37,41,59,74,114,147,168,172,195,200,204,215,221,241,246],"injury":[11,169],"risk":[12],"New":[14,100],"York,":[15,101],"London,":[16,72,107,143],"Paris":[17],"Berlin,":[19],"before":[20],"after":[22,42],"the":[23,31,78,159,239,247],"COVID":[24,83],"pandemic.":[25],"We":[26,44],"explore":[27],"these":[28],"context":[32],"of":[33,88,180,243],"changes":[34],"to":[35,82,97,104,110,117,125,137,162,217,238],"policy":[36],"infrastructure":[38,175,214],"before,":[39],"during,":[40],"COVID.":[43,128],"based":[45],"our":[46],"analysis":[47],"on":[48],"data":[49],"from":[50,95,102,108,115,186],"published":[51],"reports,":[52],"open-data":[53],"portals,":[54],"government":[55],"websites,":[56],"travel":[57],"surveys,":[58],"information":[60],"provided":[61],"by":[62],"transport":[63],"planners":[64],"each":[66],"city.":[67],"Cycling":[68,121,151],"levels":[69],"NYC,":[71,140],"Paris,":[73,113,146],"Berlin":[75],"increased":[76],"over":[77,158],"three":[79],"decades":[80],"prior":[81],"(1990\u20132019).":[84],"As":[85],"a":[86,178],"percentage":[87],"daily":[89],"trips,":[90],"bike":[91,131,191],"mode":[92,132],"share":[93],"rose":[94],"0.6%":[96],"2.2%":[98],"1.2%":[103],"3.7%":[105],"0.4%":[109],"5%":[111],"7%":[116],"18%":[118],"Berlin.":[120,150],"rates":[122],"have":[123,198,207,235],"continued":[124],"increase":[126],"since":[127],"By":[129],"2023,":[130,163],"shares":[133],"had":[134],"risen":[135],"further":[136],"3%":[138],"4.5%":[141],"11%":[144],"19%":[148],"became":[152],"safer":[153],"all":[155],"four":[156],"cities":[157],"period":[160],"2005":[161],"with":[164],"declining":[165],"per-trip":[166],"fatality":[167],"rates.":[170],"More":[171],"better":[173],"has":[176],"been":[177,236],"cornerstone":[179],"pro-cycling":[181],"efforts,":[182],"especially":[183],"cycleways":[184],"separated":[185],"motor":[187],"vehicle":[188],"traffic":[189,205,219],"(protected":[190],"lanes).":[192],"Bike":[193],"parking":[194],"bikesharing":[196],"systems":[197],"expanded":[199],"improved.":[201],"Car":[202],"restrictions":[203],"calming":[206],"complemented":[208],"pro-bike":[209,244],"measures,":[210],"for":[211],"example,":[212],"using":[213],"enforcement":[216],"reduce":[218],"volumes":[220],"speeds":[222],"residential":[224],"neighborhoods.":[225],"Long-term":[226],"political":[227],"support":[228],"as":[229,231],"well":[230],"advocacy":[233],"organizations":[234],"critical":[237],"introduction":[240],"continuation":[242],"policies":[245],"necessary":[248],"financial":[249],"investments.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-04-07T00:00:00"}