{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148759652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","title":"Bringing justice closer to the people: Transforming India's criminal laws for the common citizens","display_name":"Bringing justice closer to the people: Transforming India's criminal laws for the common citizens","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148759652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","pdf_url":"https://www.lawjournal.info/article/302/6-3-18-311.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216425","display_name":"International Journal of Law Justice and Jurisprudence","issn_l":"2790-0673","issn":["2790-0673","2790-0681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law, Justice and Jurisprudence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.lawjournal.info/article/302/6-3-18-311.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034590092","display_name":"P.V. Krishnamurthy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275778","display_name":"Vikrant University","ror":"https://ror.org/0495ed109","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PV Krishnamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Legal Studies , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Legal Studies , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132920846","display_name":"Sapna .","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275778","display_name":"Vikrant University","ror":"https://ror.org/0495ed109","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sapna .","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sapna School of Humanities and Culture , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapna School of Humanities and Culture , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130844242","display_name":"Pratigya Darpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0595-9057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0595-9057"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratigya Darpe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132867262","display_name":"Meena Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275778","display_name":"Vikrant University","ror":"https://ror.org/0495ed109","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meena Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pratigya Darpe School of Legal Studies , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India","School of Humanities and Culture , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pratigya Darpe School of Legal Studies , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Humanities and Culture , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036258521","display_name":"Bulbul Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-8307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-8307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275778","display_name":"Vikrant University","ror":"https://ror.org/0495ed109","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bulbul Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132886318","display_name":"Mitali Rajpal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275778","display_name":"Vikrant University","ror":"https://ror.org/0495ed109","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitali Rajpal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Commerce , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Commerce , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132890269","display_name":"Pratiksha Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275778","display_name":"Vikrant University","ror":"https://ror.org/0495ed109","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratiksha Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Legal Studies , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Legal Studies , Vikrant University , Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"01","last_page":"08"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.034699998795986176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice-reform","display_name":"criminal justice reform","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-2023","display_name":"Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita-2023","display_name":"Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-2023","display_name":"Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-legal-legacy","display_name":"colonial legal legacy","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-penal-code","display_name":"Indian Penal Code","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-of-criminal-procedure","display_name":"Code of Criminal Procedure","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-evidence-act","display_name":"Indian Evidence Act","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-justice","display_name":"digital justice","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency-in-criminal-justice","display_name":"transparency in criminal justice","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restorative-justice","display_name":"restorative justice","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.64410001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6148999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185052227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352967","display_name":"Theory of criminal justice","level":3,"score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83645499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285466","display_name":"Punitive damages","level":2,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776847301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44918","display_name":"Rule of law","level":3,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779149496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442100","display_name":"Procedural justice","level":3,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504945742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal procedure","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48764862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898871","display_name":"Judicial review","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5185258","display_name":"Crime control","level":3,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779621654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845562","display_name":"Transitional justice","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745341","display_name":"Impunity","level":3,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16514399","display_name":"Administration of justice","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522003407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18387853","display_name":"Criminal justice ethics","level":4,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149209484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741338","display_name":"Comparative law","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","pdf_url":"https://www.lawjournal.info/article/302/6-3-18-311.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216425","display_name":"International Journal of Law Justice and Jurisprudence","issn_l":"2790-0673","issn":["2790-0673","2790-0681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law, Justice and Jurisprudence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/2790-0673.2026.v6.i4a.302","pdf_url":"https://www.lawjournal.info/article/302/6-3-18-311.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216425","display_name":"International Journal of Law Justice and Jurisprudence","issn_l":"2790-0673","issn":["2790-0673","2790-0681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law, Justice and Jurisprudence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7148759652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7148759652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171865298","https://openalex.org/W4405950047","https://openalex.org/W7155219091","https://openalex.org/W7217342969","https://openalex.org/W4407302284","https://openalex.org/W7154732465","https://openalex.org/W7162854375","https://openalex.org/W7134193357","https://openalex.org/W4410015052","https://openalex.org/W4410015401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"India's":[0,136],"criminal":[1,115,137,176],"justice":[2,116,128,177,220],"system":[3],"has":[4,62],"long":[5],"been":[6,63],"governed":[7],"by":[8,156],"colonial-era":[9],"legislations":[10,109],"the":[11,16,23,55,76,88,94,102,114,133,175,198,202],"Indian":[12,24],"Penal":[13],"Code":[14,17],"(1860),":[15],"of":[18,78,135,184],"Criminal":[19],"Procedure":[20],"(1973),":[21],"and":[22,51,69,101,124,142,149,162,166,172,195,218],"Evidence":[25],"Act":[26],"(1872).":[27],"Designed":[28],"to":[29,112],"serve":[30],"imperial":[31],"imperatives":[32],"rather":[33],"than":[34],"democratic":[35],"aspirations,":[36],"these":[37],"frameworks":[38],"have":[39],"consistently":[40],"alienated":[41],"ordinary":[42],"citizens":[43],"through":[44,139],"archaic":[45],"language,":[46,120],"procedural":[47],"delays,":[48],"institutional":[49],"opacity,":[50],"systemic":[52],"bias":[53],"against":[54],"marginalized.":[56],"The":[57],"urgent":[58],"need":[59],"for":[60],"reform":[61],"widely":[64],"recognized":[65],"across":[66],"legislative,":[67],"judicial,":[68],"civil":[70],"society":[71],"spaces.In":[72],"a":[73,181,207],"landmark":[74],"response,":[75],"Government":[77],"India":[79],"enacted":[80],"three":[81],"transformative":[82],"statutes":[83],"effective":[84],"July":[85],"1,":[86],"2024:":[87],"Bharatiya":[89,95,103],"Nyaya":[90],"Sanhita":[91,98],"(BNS)":[92],"2023,":[93,100],"Nagarik":[96],"Suraksha":[97],"(BNSS)":[99],"Sakshya":[104],"Adhiniyam":[105],"(BSA)":[106],"2023.":[107],"These":[108],"collectively":[110],"aim":[111],"decolonize":[113],"apparatus,":[117],"simplify":[118],"legal":[119,188],"integrate":[121],"modern":[122],"technology,":[123],"ensure":[125],"time-bound,":[126],"citizen-centric":[127],"delivery.This":[129],"paper":[130],"critically":[131],"examines":[132],"transformation":[134],"laws":[138],"doctrinal,":[140],"comparative,":[141],"empirical":[143],"lenses.":[144],"It":[145],"analyzes":[146],"colonial":[147,213],"legacies":[148],"their":[150],"contemporary":[151],"relevance,":[152],"evaluates":[153],"challenges":[154],"faced":[155],"marginalized":[157],"groups":[158],"in":[159,174],"accessing":[160],"justice,":[161],"investigates":[163],"how":[164],"technology":[165],"digital":[167],"tools":[168],"are":[169],"reshaping":[170],"transparency":[171],"efficiency":[173],"system.":[178],"Based":[179],"on":[180],"stratified":[182],"sample":[183],"200":[185],"respondents":[186],"including":[187],"professionals,":[189],"judicial":[190],"officers,":[191],"law":[192],"enforcement":[193],"personnel,":[194],"community":[196],"members,":[197],"study":[199],"demonstrates":[200],"that":[201],"new":[203],"legislative":[204],"framework":[205],"represents":[206],"historic":[208],"paradigm":[209],"shift":[210],"from":[211],"punitive":[212],"control":[214],"toward":[215],"restorative,":[216],"inclusive,":[217],"rights-based":[219],"delivery.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-04-04T00:00:00"}
