{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147535286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","title":"Image-Based Anomaly Localization for Detecting State Changes and Anomalies in High-Voltage Disconnect Switches","display_name":"Image-Based Anomaly Localization for Detecting State Changes and Anomalies in High-Voltage Disconnect Switches","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147535286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765010181","display_name":"Journal of Control Automation and Electrical Systems","issn_l":"2195-3899","issn":["2195-3899","2195-3880"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001239191","display_name":"Bogdan Tomoyuki Nassu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-8543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-8543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Tomoyuki Nassu","raw_affiliation_strings":["PPGCA, Federal University of Technology \u2014 Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-8543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PPGCA, Federal University of Technology \u2014 Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006167075","display_name":"Victor Barpp Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-2744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-2744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Barpp Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["PPGCA, Federal University of Technology \u2014 Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-2744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PPGCA, Federal University of Technology \u2014 Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041125404","display_name":"Bruno Marchesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-036X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-036X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160554","display_name":"Institutos Lactec","ror":"https://ror.org/05j2csz34","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160554"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Marchesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (Lactec), Curitiba, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-036X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (Lactec), Curitiba, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094334254","display_name":"Marcos Scremin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Scremin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Companhia Paranaense de Energia (Copel), Curitiba, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Companhia Paranaense de Energia (Copel), Curitiba, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003053157","display_name":"Lourival Lippmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7369-5550","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7369-5550"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160554","display_name":"Institutos Lactec","ror":"https://ror.org/05j2csz34","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160554"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lourival Lippmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (Lactec), Curitiba, PR, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7369-5550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (Lactec), Curitiba, PR, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001239191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"818","last_page":"830"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13715","display_name":"Power Line Inspection Robots","score":0.155799999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.061000000685453415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-localization","display_name":"anomaly localization","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"unsupervised learning","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-substations","display_name":"transmission substations","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-anomaly-detection","display_name":"explainable anomaly detection","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8324000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7458999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6625000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765010181","display_name":"Journal of Control Automation and Electrical Systems","issn_l":"2195-3899","issn":["2195-3899","2195-3880"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40313-026-01277-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765010181","display_name":"Journal of Control Automation and Electrical Systems","issn_l":"2195-3899","issn":["2195-3899","2195-3880"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690646728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00x0MA614","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324178","display_name":"Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Energia El\u00e9trica","ror":"https://ror.org/049sgh675"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7147535286.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7147535286.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587466160","https://openalex.org/W2807028072","https://openalex.org/W2913182039","https://openalex.org/W3016442028","https://openalex.org/W3099658315","https://openalex.org/W3118600296","https://openalex.org/W3155592053","https://openalex.org/W3173982282","https://openalex.org/W3183588514","https://openalex.org/W3199813641","https://openalex.org/W3200552577","https://openalex.org/W3202294484","https://openalex.org/W3202778520","https://openalex.org/W3204520143","https://openalex.org/W3214308028","https://openalex.org/W4205925855","https://openalex.org/W4214694907","https://openalex.org/W4281976990","https://openalex.org/W4287281153","https://openalex.org/W4287887190","https://openalex.org/W4287889566","https://openalex.org/W4308235797","https://openalex.org/W4312239247","https://openalex.org/W4312772600","https://openalex.org/W4313289590","https://openalex.org/W4318050036","https://openalex.org/W4366310763","https://openalex.org/W4394625793","https://openalex.org/W4399204185","https://openalex.org/W4413677090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7163187664","https://openalex.org/W4390117142","https://openalex.org/W4313210225","https://openalex.org/W4313289590","https://openalex.org/W2807028072","https://openalex.org/W2909677757","https://openalex.org/W4310873626","https://openalex.org/W7154574673","https://openalex.org/W4323777750","https://openalex.org/W2909225380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"proposes":[3],"a":[4,19,54,121,156,185],"noninvasive,":[5],"image-based":[6],"approach":[7,158],"for":[8,34,132,188],"detecting":[9],"maneuvers":[10],"and":[11,43,58,92,112,164],"anomalous":[12],"cases":[13],"of":[14,22,41,56,117,130,146],"incompletely":[15,161],"closed":[16,90,162],"high-voltage":[17],"switches,":[18,163],"critical":[20],"component":[21],"transmission":[23],"substations.":[24],"A":[25],"challenge":[26,71],"often":[27],"encountered":[28],"when":[29],"training":[30],"deep":[31],"learning":[32,176],"models":[33],"applications":[35],"in":[36,87,103],"substations":[37],"is":[38,48,150],"the":[39,84,101,125,144,151,165],"acquisition":[40],"representative":[42],"balanced":[44],"datasets.":[45],"Notably,":[46],"it":[47],"difficult":[49],"to":[50,115,120,154,159,167],"maneuver":[51],"switches":[52,85],"under":[53],"variety":[55],"lighting":[57],"weather":[59],"conditions":[60],"without":[61],"disturbing":[62],"services":[63],"or":[64],"raising":[65],"safety":[66],"concerns.":[67],"We":[68,106],"address":[69,168],"this":[70,149],"by":[72],"employing":[73],"single-class":[74],"anomaly":[75,104,109,174,191],"localization":[76,110],"models,":[77],"which":[78],"are":[79],"trained":[80],"with":[81],"samples":[82],"showing":[83],"only":[86],"their":[88],"usual":[89],"state,":[91],"can":[93],"point":[94],"out":[95],"image":[96],"regions":[97],"that":[98,123,140],"deviate":[99],"from":[100],"norm":[102],"heatmaps.":[105],"compare":[107],"13":[108],"methods":[111],"propose":[113,155],"improvements":[114],"one":[116],"them,":[118],"leading":[119],"solution":[122],"outperformed":[124],"others,":[126],"achieving":[127],"an":[128,173],"F-score":[129],"97.07%":[131],"image-level":[133],"detection,":[134],"while":[135],"also":[136],"producing":[137],"explicit":[138],"reconstructions":[139],"support":[141],"explainability.":[142],"To":[143],"best":[145],"our":[147],"knowledge,":[148],"first":[152,166],"work":[153],"general":[157],"detect":[160],"switch":[169],"state":[170],"identification":[171],"as":[172],"localization/unsupervised":[175],"problem.":[177],"Our":[178],"dataset":[179],"will":[180],"be":[181],"made":[182],"public,":[183],"providing":[184],"new":[186],"benchmark":[187],"testing":[189],"other":[190],"detection":[192],"methods.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}