{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147436617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","title":"Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-Led Educational Intervention on Safe Disposal of Unused and Expired Medications in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Pre-Post Interventional Study","display_name":"Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-Led Educational Intervention on Safe Disposal of Unused and Expired Medications in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Pre-Post Interventional Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147436617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","pdf_url":"https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/download/3407/1398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45690524","display_name":"Pharmacy Practice","issn_l":"1885-642X","issn":["1885-642X","1886-3655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321943","host_organization_name":"Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/download/3407/1398","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043022051","display_name":"TAN CHUN HONG","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-8261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-8261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62370553","display_name":"IMU University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4wjw61","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62370553"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan Chun Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["PG Student (Master in Pharmacy Practice), Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PG Student (Master in Pharmacy Practice), Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62370553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027797122","display_name":"Palanisamy Sivanandy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-5091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-5091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62370553","display_name":"IMU University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4wjw61","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62370553"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palanisamy Sivanandy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62370553"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042647111","display_name":"Pravinkumar Vishwanath Ingle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-4330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-4330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62370553","display_name":"IMU University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4wjw61","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62370553"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pravinkumar Vishwanath Ingle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62370553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62370553"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12920","display_name":"Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14179","display_name":"Waste Management and Recycling","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unused-medications","display_name":"unused medicines","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expired-medicines","display_name":"expired medicines","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safe-disposal","display_name":"safe disposal","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacist-led-education","display_name":"pharmacist-led education","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-knowledge","display_name":"medication knowledge","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klang-valley","display_name":"Klang Valley","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8374999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126965237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816335","display_name":"Accidental","level":2,"score":0.7376999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.635699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019162307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Expired air","level":2,"score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113807197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894","display_name":"Health education","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777458711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341296","display_name":"Educational program","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","pdf_url":"https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/download/3407/1398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45690524","display_name":"Pharmacy Practice","issn_l":"1885-642X","issn":["1885-642X","1886-3655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321943","host_organization_name":"Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:ART0001839525","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=10677209","pdf_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/10677209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401293","display_name":"Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I168974976","host_organization_name":"Universidad de La Rioja","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168974976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy Practice (Granada), ISSN 1886-3655, Vol. 24, N\u00ba. 1, 2026 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Jan-Mar)","raw_type":"text (article)"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2026.1.3407","pdf_url":"https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/download/3407/1398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45690524","display_name":"Pharmacy Practice","issn_l":"1885-642X","issn":["1885-642X","1886-3655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321943","host_organization_name":"Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7147436617.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7147436617.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343361241","https://openalex.org/W3037557795","https://openalex.org/W4310230924","https://openalex.org/W4387094788","https://openalex.org/W4392470446","https://openalex.org/W4396853736","https://openalex.org/W4402314114","https://openalex.org/W4402462187","https://openalex.org/W4403639540","https://openalex.org/W4403745705","https://openalex.org/W4405564274","https://openalex.org/W4406628829","https://openalex.org/W4407566127","https://openalex.org/W4408466616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3146644576","https://openalex.org/W2996384128","https://openalex.org/W4292120708","https://openalex.org/W4312156999","https://openalex.org/W2901772578","https://openalex.org/W4414515599","https://openalex.org/W4400381932","https://openalex.org/W7220077212","https://openalex.org/W2987691853","https://openalex.org/W3164110397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,40,88,108,218],"consequences":[2],"of":[3,16,37,73,106,111,126,158,194,236],"unused":[4,148,184,208,237],"and":[5,19,52,96,135,164,230,238],"expired":[6,150,186,210,239],"medications":[7,151,159,187,211],"encompass":[8],"environmental":[9],"contamination,":[10],"increased":[11],"global":[12],"warming":[13],"risks,":[14],"wastage":[15],"public":[17],"resources,":[18],"unintentional":[20],"poisoning":[21],"resulting":[22],"from":[23,48,120],"accidental":[24],"ingestion.":[25],"Methods:":[26],"An":[27,155],"interventional":[28],"research":[29],"study":[30,45,89],"was":[31],"carried":[32],"out":[33],"for":[34,182],"a":[35,61,79,103,117,222],"duration":[36],"eleven":[38],"months.":[39],"respondents":[41,58,113,196],"participated":[42],"in":[43,94,99,152,166,188,200,206,225],"this":[44],"via":[46],"invitation":[47],"email,":[49],"WhatsApp":[50],"messages,":[51],"other":[53],"social":[54],"media":[55],"platforms.":[56],"All":[57],"had":[59,114],"answered":[60],"pre-intervention":[62],"questionnaire":[63],"prior":[64],"to":[65,116,122],"the":[66,84,112,127,143,167,177,195,201,214,227,233],"educational":[67,74,128,215,219],"intervention,":[68,75],"followed":[69],"by":[70],"seven":[71],"days":[72],"as":[76,78,176],"well":[77],"final":[80],"data":[81],"collection":[82],"on":[83],"seventh":[85],"day.":[86],"Results:":[87],"successfully":[90],"obtained":[91],"397":[92],"responses":[93,98],"pre-intervention,":[95],"353":[97],"post-intervention,":[100],"thereby":[101],"achieving":[102],"response":[104],"rate":[105],"89%.":[107],"knowledge":[109],"score":[110],"enhanced":[115],"sufficient":[118],"level":[119],"44.4%":[121],"91.2%":[123],"upon":[124],"completion":[125],"intervention.":[129,191,216],"Vitamins":[130],"(Npre=194,":[131],"48.9%;":[132],"Npost=222,":[133],"62.9%),":[134],"cough":[136],"preparation":[137],"(Npre=193,":[138],"48.6%;":[139],"Npost=219,":[140],"62.0%)":[141],"were":[142,174],"two":[144,178],"most":[145,179],"widely":[146],"existing":[147],"and/or":[149,185,209],"pre-and":[153,189],"post-intervention.":[154],"excessive":[156],"number":[157],"(Npre=230,":[160],"57.9%;":[161],"Npost=215,":[162],"60.9%),":[163],"improvement":[165],"illness":[168],"condition":[169],"(Npre=158,":[170],"39.8%;":[171],"Npost=261,":[172],"73.9%)":[173],"known":[175],"common":[180],"reasons":[181],"having":[183],"post-":[190],"Approximately":[192],"90%":[193],"(n=317)":[197],"would":[198],"participate":[199],"\u201cReturn":[202],"Your":[203],"Medicines":[204],"Program\u201d":[205],"managing":[207],"after":[212],"receiving":[213],"Conclusion:":[217],"intervention":[220],"demonstrated":[221],"positive":[223],"impact":[224],"enhancing":[226],"knowledge,":[228],"attitude,":[229],"practice":[231],"regarding":[232],"safe":[234],"disposal":[235],"medications.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}