{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147381908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1123748ar","title":"Subjectivity, Rationality, and the Tragedy of culture: Georg Simmel at the court of Max Horkheimer","display_name":"Subjectivity, Rationality, and the Tragedy of culture: Georg Simmel at the court of Max Horkheimer","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147381908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1123748ar"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7202/1123748ar","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1123748ar","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1123748ar","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224299","display_name":"Simmel Studies","issn_l":"1616-2552","issn":["1616-2552","2512-1022"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Simmel Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062807431","display_name":"Davide Ruggieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-6637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-6637"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Ruggieri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062807431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64776467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12730","display_name":"Weber, Simmel, Sociological Theory","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12730","display_name":"Weber, Simmel, Sociological Theory","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12397","display_name":"Critical Theory and Philosophy","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13212","display_name":"German Social Sciences and History","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/georg-simmel","display_name":"Georg Simmel","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/max-horkheimer","display_name":"Max Horkheimer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frankfurt-school","display_name":"Frankfurt School","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-theory","display_name":"critical theory","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rationalization","display_name":"rationalization","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modernity","display_name":"modernity","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjectivity","display_name":"subjectivity","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-reason","display_name":"instrumental reason","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualization","display_name":"individualization","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socialization","display_name":"socialization","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alienation","display_name":"alienation","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-pathology","display_name":"social pathology","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitanization","display_name":"metropolitanization","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-philosophy","display_name":"social philosophy","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.6633999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832608","display_name":"Tragedy (event)","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41852734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990987","display_name":"Social theory","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95389739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1518716","display_name":"Social order","level":3,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25032326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185467","display_name":"Socialization","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992884035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551229","display_name":"Social life","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113706210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301751","display_name":"Critical theory","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994546592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990987","display_name":"Social thought","level":3,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987491872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990987","display_name":"Social analysis","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178895491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211606","display_name":"Social structure","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7202/1123748ar","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1123748ar","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1123748ar","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224299","display_name":"Simmel Studies","issn_l":"1616-2552","issn":["1616-2552","2512-1022"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Simmel Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:erudit.org:1123748ar","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1123748ar","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196102","display_name":"\u00c9rudit (Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196790910","https://openalex.org/W594765560","https://openalex.org/W1904454600","https://openalex.org/W1981219029","https://openalex.org/W1997473045","https://openalex.org/W2036179069","https://openalex.org/W2038110325","https://openalex.org/W2066246233","https://openalex.org/W2128173889","https://openalex.org/W2322800263","https://openalex.org/W2510189275","https://openalex.org/W2943730090","https://openalex.org/W2963993897","https://openalex.org/W2998952088","https://openalex.org/W3082414191","https://openalex.org/W3095810193","https://openalex.org/W3100236121","https://openalex.org/W3155116937","https://openalex.org/W3179220453","https://openalex.org/W3210210026","https://openalex.org/W4235731250","https://openalex.org/W4237595246","https://openalex.org/W4244768490","https://openalex.org/W4246628909","https://openalex.org/W4297005832","https://openalex.org/W4312880931","https://openalex.org/W4388831969","https://openalex.org/W4392849095","https://openalex.org/W4402252001","https://openalex.org/W4411175243","https://openalex.org/W4411291029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3102105871","https://openalex.org/W7218193042","https://openalex.org/W3135627961","https://openalex.org/W7066584395","https://openalex.org/W7062872484","https://openalex.org/W7220769307","https://openalex.org/W7218016698","https://openalex.org/W4243453025","https://openalex.org/W3100236121","https://openalex.org/W3179220453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,187],"explores":[2],"some":[3,38],"common":[4],"theoretical":[5],"points":[6],"between":[7],"the":[8,17,20,31,50,76,81,103,122,129,132,137,147,165],"sociologist":[9],"Georg":[10],"Simmel":[11,63,118,163],"(1858-1918)":[12],"and":[13,26,55,64,107,145,183],"Max":[14],"Horkheimer":[15,42,65,110],"(1895-1973),":[16],"director":[18],"of":[19,30,83,97,105,124,131,134,150,167,180],"Institut":[21],"f\u00fcr":[22],"Sozialforschung,":[23],"\u201cspiritus":[24],"rector\u201d":[25],"a":[27],"key":[28],"figure":[29],"early":[32],"Frankfurt":[33],"School.":[34],"In":[35],"addition":[36],"to":[37,43,112,142,154,177,198],"biographical":[39],"connections":[40],"linking":[41],"Simmel,":[44],"they":[45,127],"share":[46],"particular":[47],"views":[48],"about":[49,59],"profound":[51],"transformations":[52],"in":[53,152],"social":[54,84,106,181,193],"cultural":[56,108],"life":[57,91],"brought":[58],"by":[60,94,102,161],"modernity.":[61],"Both":[62],"focus":[66],"on":[67,191],"socialization":[68],"processes":[69],"resulting":[70],"from":[71],"rationalization,":[72],"as":[73,75,114,121,195],"well":[74],"increasing":[77],"individualization":[78],"that":[79,89],"characterize":[80],"stage":[82],"agency.":[85],"They":[86],"both":[87,173],"believe":[88],"modern":[90],"is":[92,159],"defined":[93],"new":[95,178],"forms":[96,179],"rational":[98],"organization,":[99],"largely":[100],"influenced":[101],"\u201cmetropolization\u201d":[104],"life.":[109],"refers":[111],"this":[113,186],"\u201cinstrumental":[115],"reason,\u201d":[116],"while":[117],"describes":[119],"it":[120],"\u201cintellectualization":[123],"life.\u201d":[125],"Moreover,":[126],"emphasize":[128],"concept":[130],"\u201cobjectification":[133],"culture\u201d":[135],"-":[136],"growing":[138],"necessity":[139],"for":[140,172],"individuals":[141],"engage":[143],"with":[144],"incorporate":[146],"\u201cobjective\u201d":[148],"products":[149],"culture":[151],"order":[153],"affirm":[155],"their":[156],"identities":[157],"(this":[158],"compounded":[160],"what":[162],"calls":[164],"\u201cexternalization":[166],"life\u201d).":[168],"These":[169],"last":[170],"aspects":[171],"authors":[174],"may":[175],"lead":[176],"pathologies":[182],"alienation.":[184],"Ultimately,":[185],"demonstrates":[188],"Horkheimer\u2019s":[189],"reliance":[190],"Simmel\u2019s":[192],"philosophy":[194],"he":[196],"seeks":[197],"formalize":[199],"his":[200],"Critical":[201],"Theory":[202],"program.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}
