{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7211865998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.70085","title":"Repurposing Enhanced Rock Weathering for Cationic\u2010Metal Stabilization: A Nature\u2010Based Protocol for Contaminated\u2010Soil Remediation","display_name":"Repurposing Enhanced Rock Weathering for Cationic\u2010Metal Stabilization: A Nature\u2010Based Protocol for Contaminated\u2010Soil Remediation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7211865998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.70085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/rem.70085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.70085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.70085","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rem.70085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99556031","display_name":"Remediation Journal","issn_l":"1051-5658","issn":["1051-5658","1520-6831"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remediation Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rem.70085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086059587","display_name":"Quinn C. Zacharias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-1617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-1617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quinn C. Zacharias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA","Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-1617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086059587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":3460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3460},"apc_paid":{"value":3460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3460},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52005588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13793","display_name":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11302","display_name":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-rock-weathering","display_name":"enhanced rock weathering","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-remediation","display_name":"soil remediation","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-based-solutions","display_name":"nature-based solutions","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-leaching","display_name":"metal leaching","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-lability","display_name":"metal lability","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-neutralizing-capacity","display_name":"acid neutralizing capacity","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basalt","display_name":"basalt","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wollastonite","display_name":"wollastonite","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysimeter-monitoring","display_name":"lysimeter monitoring","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-catchments","display_name":"agricultural catchments","score":0.7229999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522964758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019586","display_name":"Environmental remediation","level":3,"score":0.8499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5544000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40724407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179177","display_name":"Weathering","level":2,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196513747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7311595","display_name":"Remedial action","level":4,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65580899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734","display_name":"Soil contamination","level":3,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776392049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909808","display_name":"Creosote","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76947770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4533181","display_name":"Ephemeral key","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315799","display_name":"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/rem.70085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.70085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.70085","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rem.70085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99556031","display_name":"Remediation Journal","issn_l":"1051-5658","issn":["1051-5658","1520-6831"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remediation Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31223/x53f5q","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x53f5q","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31223/x53f5q","pdf_url":"https://eartharxiv.org/repository/object/12413/download/22172/","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EA:id:12413","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eartharxiv.org/repository/object/12413/download/22172/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402614","display_name":"EarthArXiv (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EarthArXiv","raw_type":"PREPRINTS"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/rem.70085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.70085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.70085","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rem.70085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99556031","display_name":"Remediation Journal","issn_l":"1051-5658","issn":["1051-5658","1520-6831"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remediation Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.8125}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7211865998.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7211865998.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575856941","https://openalex.org/W1969734920","https://openalex.org/W1972549904","https://openalex.org/W1978561078","https://openalex.org/W1986492246","https://openalex.org/W1988090512","https://openalex.org/W1995848354","https://openalex.org/W2037861984","https://openalex.org/W2046803815","https://openalex.org/W2082083231","https://openalex.org/W2098961747","https://openalex.org/W2101337062","https://openalex.org/W2120868501","https://openalex.org/W2135629858","https://openalex.org/W2207341501","https://openalex.org/W2222209120","https://openalex.org/W2324322402","https://openalex.org/W2464736327","https://openalex.org/W2504534839","https://openalex.org/W2611139392","https://openalex.org/W2912290278","https://openalex.org/W3034653340","https://openalex.org/W3041773269","https://openalex.org/W3173471673","https://openalex.org/W3196783870","https://openalex.org/W4210972301","https://openalex.org/W4211185537","https://openalex.org/W4307027570","https://openalex.org/W4319600414","https://openalex.org/W4319828581","https://openalex.org/W4361214218","https://openalex.org/W4391887623","https://openalex.org/W4392028265","https://openalex.org/W4406339103","https://openalex.org/W4412158959","https://openalex.org/W4412921048","https://openalex.org/W4413447342","https://openalex.org/W4414820006","https://openalex.org/W7131820799","https://openalex.org/W7133306269","https://openalex.org/W7135125716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7146948541","https://openalex.org/W3096469654","https://openalex.org/W3033596643","https://openalex.org/W6922579767","https://openalex.org/W2041633614","https://openalex.org/W1998223024","https://openalex.org/W7212061903","https://openalex.org/W2111656548","https://openalex.org/W4298138854","https://openalex.org/W2066529560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Many":[1],"brownfield,":[2],"mining,":[3],"urban\u2010fill,":[4],"and":[5,20,26,54,65,90,98,147,151,171,173,177,181,187,208,247,253,255],"legacy":[6],"agricultural":[7,200],"sites":[8,150],"contain":[9],"cationic":[10],"metals":[11,176],"in":[12,38,197,205,225],"shallow":[13],"soil,":[14,60],"where":[15,156],"they":[16],"pose":[17],"direct\u2010contact,":[18],"plant\u2010uptake,":[19],"leaching":[21,103],"risks.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"formalizes":[25],"operationalizes":[27],"established":[28],"silicate\u2010rock":[29,46],"stabilization":[30,260],"chemistry":[31],"as":[32,143],"a":[33,79,119,198],"nature\u2010based":[34],"remediation":[35,81,185,264],"protocol":[36,82,131,241],"grounded":[37],"enhanced":[39],"rock":[40],"weathering.":[41],"Prior":[42],"studies":[43,186,190],"show":[44],"that":[45,83,125],"amendments":[47],"can":[48],"alter":[49],"cationic\u2010metal":[50],"lability,":[51],"plant":[52],"uptake,":[53],"leaching,":[55],"while":[56,215],"performance":[57,254],"varies":[58],"with":[59,118],"contaminant,":[61],"feedstock,":[62],"dose,":[63],"hydrology,":[64],"time.":[66],"However,":[67],"to":[68,134,250],"our":[69],"knowledge,":[70],"this":[71],"treatment":[72],"concept":[73],"has":[74],"not":[75],"been":[76],"developed":[77],"into":[78],"complete":[80],"integrates":[84],"natural\u2010silicate":[85],"feedstock":[86],"qualification,":[87],"carbonate\u2013silicate":[88],"blend":[89],"dose":[91,252],"calibration,":[92],"placement":[93],"throughout":[94],"the":[95,108,130,136,192,240,258,262,267],"contaminated":[96],"interval,":[97],"verification":[99],"against":[100],"governing":[101],"regulatory":[102],"criteria.":[104],"Remedy":[105],"reliability":[106],"is":[107,132,160],"central":[109],"design":[110],"objective:":[111],"by":[112],"pairing":[113],"rapid":[114],"carbonate\u2010driven":[115],"pH":[116],"control":[117],"bank":[120],"of":[121,138,239],"weatherable":[122],"silicate":[123],"minerals":[124],"supplies":[126],"residual":[127],"acid\u2010neutralizing":[128],"capacity,":[129],"designed":[133],"increase":[135],"likelihood":[137],"successful":[139],"treatment,":[140],"sustain":[141],"immobilization":[142],"soil":[144,158],"conditions":[145],"change,":[146],"support":[148],"different":[149],"remedial":[152],"objectives,":[153],"including":[154],"those":[155],"preserving":[157],"function":[159],"important.":[161],"It":[162],"screens":[163],"feedstocks":[164],"for":[165,234,270],"mineralogy,":[166],"molar":[167],"Mg:Si,":[168],"reactive":[169],"Fe\u2013Al,":[170],"total":[172],"leachable":[174],"trace":[175],"verifies":[178],"both":[179],"target":[180],"feedstock\u2010derived":[182],"metals.":[183],"Earlier":[184],"two":[188],"watershed\u2010scale":[189],"inform":[191],"protocol.":[193],"A":[194],"basalt":[195],"trial":[196],"Vermont":[199],"catchment":[201],"documents":[202],"near\u2010term":[203],"changes":[204],"metal":[206],"lability":[207],"responses":[209],"along":[210],"hydrologically":[211],"connected":[212],"flow":[213],"paths,":[214],"public":[216],"lysimeter":[217],"records":[218],"from":[219],"wollastonite\u2010treated":[220],"Hubbard":[221],"Brook":[222],"Watershed":[223],"1":[224],"New":[226],"Hampshire":[227],"document":[228],"low":[229],"dissolved":[230],"Al":[231],"concentrations":[232],"persisting":[233],"over":[235],"25":[236],"years.":[237],"Application":[238],"should":[242],"proceed":[243],"through":[244],"site\u2010specific":[245],"bench":[246],"pilot\u2010treatability":[248],"testing":[249],"calibrate":[251],"verify":[256],"whether":[257],"achieved":[259],"meets":[261],"applicable":[263],"criteria":[265],"using":[266],"methods":[268],"required":[269],"each":[271],"relevant":[272],"exposure":[273],"pathway.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-08T00:00:00"}