{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7144250797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","title":"An updated analytical framework on cyber resilience and managing the response to hybrid threats","display_name":"An updated analytical framework on cyber resilience and managing the response to hybrid threats","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7144250797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","pdf_url":"https://ijitsc.net/index.php/journal/article/download/167/96","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676316","display_name":"International Journal of Instruction, Technology & Social Sciences.","issn_l":"2716-6546","issn":["2716-6546"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Instruction, Technology and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijitsc.net/index.php/journal/article/download/167/96","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001616261","display_name":"Daniel Daneci Patrau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9765-2624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9765-2624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140482","display_name":"Constanta Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xay8k75","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284807","display_name":"Universitatea \u201eTomis\u201d din Constan\u021ba","ror":"https://ror.org/047sy3g30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel D\u0103neci Patrau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tomis University of Constan\u021ba & Maritime University of Constan\u021ba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tomis University of Constan\u021ba & Maritime University of Constan\u021ba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140482","https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065246360","display_name":"Daniela Simona Nenciu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3860-7720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3860-7720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284807","display_name":"Universitatea \u201eTomis\u201d din Constan\u021ba","ror":"https://ror.org/047sy3g30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Simona Nenciu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tomis University of Constan\u021ba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tomis University of Constan\u021ba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038330356","display_name":"Carmen Elena Coca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2223-476X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2223-476X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284807","display_name":"Universitatea \u201eTomis\u201d din Constan\u021ba","ror":"https://ror.org/047sy3g30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Elena Coca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tomis University of Constan\u021ba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tomis University of Constan\u021ba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106514342","display_name":"Oana Boc\u0103nete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1291-5066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1291-5066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284807","display_name":"Universitatea \u201eTomis\u201d din Constan\u021ba","ror":"https://ror.org/047sy3g30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oana Bocanete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tomis University of Constan\u021ba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tomis University of Constan\u021ba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038099956","display_name":"Romeo Bo\u0219neagu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-6512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-6512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093265","display_name":"Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00pzf4g66","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093265"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romeo Bosneagu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tomis University of Constan\u021ba & Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy of Constanta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tomis University of Constan\u021ba & Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy of Constanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5131184715","display_name":"Raluca Ionela Ciortan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284807","display_name":"Universitatea \u201eTomis\u201d din Constan\u021ba","ror":"https://ror.org/047sy3g30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raluca Ionela Ciortan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tomis University of Constan\u021ba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tomis University of Constan\u021ba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5131062825","display_name":"Anda Cristina Bozgoiu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284807","display_name":"Universitatea \u201eTomis\u201d din Constan\u021ba","ror":"https://ror.org/047sy3g30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anda Cristina Bozgoiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tomis University of Constan\u021ba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tomis University of Constan\u021ba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"32","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.02290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-resilience","display_name":"cyber resilience","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-threats","display_name":"hybrid threats","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-culture","display_name":"security culture","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-framework","display_name":"analytical framework","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure-protection","display_name":"critical infrastructure protection","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-warfare","display_name":"information warfare","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-law","display_name":"cybersecurity law","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russia-ukraine-war","display_name":"Russian invasion of Ukraine","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annexation-of-crimea","display_name":"Russian annexation of Crimea","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euro-atlantic-security","display_name":"Euro-Atlantic security","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.7019000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.5005000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778480956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194465","display_name":"Annexation","level":3,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018725008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber threats","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","pdf_url":"https://ijitsc.net/index.php/journal/article/download/167/96","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676316","display_name":"International Journal of Instruction, Technology & Social Sciences.","issn_l":"2716-6546","issn":["2716-6546"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Instruction, Technology and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47577/ijitss.v5i.167","pdf_url":"https://ijitsc.net/index.php/journal/article/download/167/96","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676316","display_name":"International Journal of Instruction, Technology & Social Sciences.","issn_l":"2716-6546","issn":["2716-6546"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Instruction, Technology and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7144250797.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7144250797.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902818475","https://openalex.org/W3189008534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166877465","https://openalex.org/W3200329648","https://openalex.org/W4405176085","https://openalex.org/W7124434561","https://openalex.org/W3013211652","https://openalex.org/W3141159225","https://openalex.org/W3094535968","https://openalex.org/W4379043949","https://openalex.org/W7166137885","https://openalex.org/W7222990085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108,131,167],"complexity":[1],"of":[2,11,29,57,66,73,99,120,137,150,169,174],"the":[3,9,15,19,27,35,38,53,59,64,71,96,118,135,147,158,170],"international":[4],"security":[5,103,162],"environment,":[6],"accentuated":[7],"by":[8,160],"proliferation":[10],"hybrid":[12,90,144],"threats":[13,91,145],"and":[14,22,40,51,70,75,92,102,112,122,127,164,180],"increased":[16],"interdependence":[17],"between":[18],"physical,":[20],"digital,":[21],"social":[23],"domains,":[24],"calls":[25],"for":[26,33,88,95,142],"development":[28],"coherent":[30],"analytical":[31,140],"frameworks":[32],"managing":[34,143],"response":[36,159],"at":[37],"national":[39],"European":[41,176],"levels.":[42],"Based":[43],"on":[44,117,178],"recent":[45,128,175],"developments":[46],"in":[47,52,62,105,114],"Romania's":[48],"eastern":[49],"neighborhood":[50],"Euro-Atlantic":[54],"space\u2014the":[55],"annexation":[56],"Crimea,":[58],"protracted":[60],"conflict":[61],"Ukraine,":[63],"sabotage":[65],"critical":[67],"maritime":[68],"infrastructure,":[69],"intensification":[72],"cyber":[74,100,165],"information":[76],"attacks":[77],"against":[78],"democratic":[79],"states\u2014this":[80],"article":[81],"aims":[82],"to":[83,93],"outline":[84],"a":[85,138],"current":[86],"framework":[87,141],"analyzing":[89],"argue":[94],"central":[97],"role":[98],"resilience":[101,183],"culture":[104,163],"countering":[106],"them.":[107],"paper":[109],"is":[110,134],"conceptual":[111],"exploratory":[113],"nature,":[115],"based":[116],"analysis":[119],"strategic":[121],"normative":[123],"documents,":[124],"specialized":[125],"literature,":[126],"case":[129],"studies.":[130],"main":[132],"result":[133],"proposal":[136],"four-step":[139],"(identifying":[146],"adversary's":[148],"instruments":[149],"power,":[151],"assessing":[152],"vulnerabilities,":[153],"identifying":[154],"likely":[155],"targets,":[156],"calibrating":[157],"strengthening":[161],"resilience).":[166],"implications":[168],"entry":[171],"into":[172],"force":[173],"legislation":[177],"cybersecurity":[179],"digital":[181],"operational":[182],"are":[184],"also":[185],"discussed.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-04-01T00:00:00"}