{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7144096435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","title":"ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER NITRATE AND NITRITE EXPOSURE AMONG FARMERS IN COASTAL AREA OF REMBANG, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA","display_name":"ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER NITRATE AND NITRITE EXPOSURE AMONG FARMERS IN COASTAL AREA OF REMBANG, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7144096435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/jkmi/article/download/19693/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212893","display_name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia","issn_l":"1693-3443","issn":["1693-3443","2613-9219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314900","host_organization_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/jkmi/article/download/19693/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040324784","display_name":"S Augrahini Irawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4294-6488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4294-6488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11855966","display_name":"Diponegoro University","ror":"https://ror.org/056bjta22","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Septiria Irawati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Diponegoro"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4294-6488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Diponegoro","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040324784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14056794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"66","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.2727000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.2727000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.23350000381469727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14169","display_name":"Public Health and Environmental Issues","score":0.18029999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-nitrate-pollution","display_name":"groundwater nitrate contamination","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health-risk-assessment","display_name":"environmental health risk assessment","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-daily-intake","display_name":"chronic daily intake","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-quotient","display_name":"risk quotient","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-nitrosation","display_name":"endogenous nitrosation","score":0.8479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.8197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.741599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.7167999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72158415","display_name":"Nitrite","level":3,"score":0.6592000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779794483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk assessment","level":3,"score":0.6215000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.45339998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779680964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16947365","display_name":"Hazard quotient","level":3,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778192778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20113712","display_name":"Groundwater pollution","level":4,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776695260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795843","display_name":"Maximum Contaminant Level","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776640315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941","display_name":"Respondent","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175961577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680142","display_name":"Acceptable daily intake","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/jkmi/article/download/19693/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212893","display_name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia","issn_l":"1693-3443","issn":["1693-3443","2613-9219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314900","host_organization_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jurnal.unimus.ac.id:article/19693","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/jkmi/article/view/19693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212893","display_name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia","issn_l":"1693-3443","issn":["1693-3443","2613-9219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314900","host_organization_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1693-3443","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/jkmi/article/download/19693/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212893","display_name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia","issn_l":"1693-3443","issn":["1693-3443","2613-9219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314900","host_organization_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6875,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323452","display_name":"Universitas Diponegoro","ror":"https://ror.org/056bjta22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7144096435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7144096435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149166937","https://openalex.org/W4310741992","https://openalex.org/W4410873996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2985764765","https://openalex.org/W2909595410","https://openalex.org/W2011705337","https://openalex.org/W2344778767","https://openalex.org/W3177089754","https://openalex.org/W2891116652","https://openalex.org/W2908612072","https://openalex.org/W3035451022","https://openalex.org/W3087582769","https://openalex.org/W3089337020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1],"increasing":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,44,146,154],"fertilizers":[5],"and":[6,16,32,68,81,86,94,129,156,162,171],"pesticides":[7],"in":[8,40,54,127,132,142],"agricultural":[9,144],"areas":[10],"may":[11],"contaminate":[12],"groundwater":[13,36],"with":[14,70,136],"nitrate":[15,31,101,155],"nitrite,":[17],"posing":[18],"health":[19,28,152],"risks.":[20],"Objective:":[21],"This":[22,97],"study":[23,51,98],"aimed":[24],"to":[25,167],"assess":[26],"the":[27,41,105,113,143],"risk":[29],"from":[30,61,124,175],"nitrite":[33,114,157],"exposure":[34,170],"through":[35,79],"consumption":[37],"among":[38],"farmers":[39],"coastal":[42],"area":[43,145],"Rembang,":[45],"Central":[46],"Java.":[47],"Methods:":[48],"A":[49],"cross-sectional":[50],"was":[52],"conducted":[53],"Gunungsari":[55],"Village,":[56],"Kaliori":[57],"Subdistrict.":[58],"Groundwater":[59,140],"samples":[60,141],"seven":[62],"households":[63],"were":[64,77,90,103],"analyzed":[65],"using":[66],"spectrophotometry":[67],"compared":[69],"national":[71],"drinking":[72],"water":[73],"standards.":[74],"Respondent":[75],"characteristics":[76],"obtained":[78],"questionnaires,":[80],"Chronic":[82],"Daily":[83],"Intake":[84],"(CDI)":[85],"Risk":[87],"Quotient":[88],"(RQ)":[89],"calculated":[91],"for":[92],"children":[93],"adults.":[95],"Results:":[96],"showed":[99],"that":[100],"concentrations":[102],"below":[104],"limit":[106],"(50":[107],"mg/L),":[108],"while":[109],"one":[110],"sample":[111],"exceeded":[112],"standard":[115],"(8":[116],"mg/L":[117],"vs.":[118],"3":[119],"mg/L).":[120],"CDI":[121],"values":[122],"ranged":[123],"0.017\u20130.021":[125],"mg/kg/day":[126,131],"adults":[128],"0.082":[130],"a":[133],"child,":[134],"all":[135],"RQ":[137],"<1.":[138],"Conclusion:":[139],"Rembang":[147],"generally":[148],"indicated":[149],"no":[150],"immediate":[151],"threat":[153],"contamination.":[158],"Suggestion:":[159],"Continuous":[160],"monitoring":[161],"community":[163],"education":[164],"are":[165],"needed":[166],"prevent":[168],"chronic":[169],"potential":[172],"long-term":[173],"effects":[174],"endogenous":[176],"nitrosation.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-04-01T00:00:00"}
