{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143480090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","title":"Towards European hydrogen market design: Perspectives from transmission system operators","display_name":"Towards European hydrogen market design: Perspectives from transmission system operators","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143480090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175056054","display_name":"Energy Policy","issn_l":"0301-4215","issn":["0301-4215","1873-6777"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092230788","display_name":"Marco Saretta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4998-0103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4998-0103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096927","display_name":"Ramboll (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w3adw05","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Saretta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramboll Denmark A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark","Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4998-0103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramboll Denmark A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096927"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079497570","display_name":"Enrica Raheli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-7701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-7701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096927","display_name":"Ramboll (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w3adw05","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096927"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrica Raheli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramboll Denmark A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramboll Denmark A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096927"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021625110","display_name":"Jalal Kazempour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-6611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-6611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jalal Kazempour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-6611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092230788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096927","https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"apc_list":{"value":3940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3940},"apc_paid":{"value":3940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3940},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11216166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"220","issue":null,"first_page":"115634","last_page":"115634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.5752000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.5752000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.12210000306367874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.11630000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-system-operators","display_name":"transmission system operators","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacity-allocation","display_name":"capacity allocation","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-mechanism","display_name":"balancing mechanism","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-hydrogen","display_name":"green hydrogen","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decarbonization","display_name":"decarbonization","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-storage","display_name":"hydrogen storage","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-clusters","display_name":"hydrogen clusters","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-uncertainty","display_name":"regulatory uncertainty","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.524399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100405246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348417","display_name":"Emissions trading","level":3,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780789856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915732","display_name":"Variable renewable energy","level":4,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542482507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854358","display_name":"Hydrogen technologies","level":5,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19065316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551748","display_name":"Hydrogen vehicle","level":4,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175056054","display_name":"Energy Policy","issn_l":"0301-4215","issn":["0301-4215","1873-6777"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2603.26451","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26451","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.26451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175056054","display_name":"Energy Policy","issn_l":"0301-4215","issn":["0301-4215","1873-6777"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","display_name":"Innovationsfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/00daj4111"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327152","display_name":"Ramb\u00f8ll Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4cd346"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143480090.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143480090.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296652942","https://openalex.org/W4307462998","https://openalex.org/W4384071428","https://openalex.org/W4396895344","https://openalex.org/W4397016206","https://openalex.org/W4403997048","https://openalex.org/W4409669259","https://openalex.org/W4409962063","https://openalex.org/W4413114451","https://openalex.org/W4415186753","https://openalex.org/W7201953872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396713034","https://openalex.org/W6995449520","https://openalex.org/W7164831551","https://openalex.org/W4397016206","https://openalex.org/W7002218925","https://openalex.org/W7057038714","https://openalex.org/W7203844943","https://openalex.org/W4410110562","https://openalex.org/W6943946964","https://openalex.org/W4413114451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"hydrogen":[1,14,29,52,78,117,187,215,231,240],"being":[2],"central":[3],"to":[4,49,146,164,173,206,229,237],"Europe\u2019s":[5],"decarbonisation":[6],"strategy,":[7],"only":[8],"a":[9,74],"small":[10],"share":[11],"of":[12,40,105,115],"renewable":[13,194],"projects":[15],"have":[16],"reached":[17],"final":[18],"investment":[19,222],"decision.":[20],"A":[21],"key":[22],"barrier":[23],"is":[24],"uncertainty":[25,219],"about":[26],"how":[27],"future":[28,51,77],"markets":[30,188],"will":[31],"be":[32,56,171],"designed":[33],"and":[34,63,95,108,123,137,178,196,209,217,234],"operated,":[35],"particularly":[36],"under":[37],"Renewable":[38],"Fuels":[39],"Non-Biological":[41],"Origin":[42],"requirements.":[43],"This":[44],"study":[45],"investigates":[46],"the":[47,64,87,93,97,112,116,230],"extent":[48],"which":[50],"market":[53,79,120,241],"design":[54,80,121],"can":[55],"adapted":[57],"from":[58,129],"existing":[59],"natural":[60,130],"gas":[61,83,131],"markets,":[62,132],"challenges":[65,110,184],"it":[66],"must":[67],"address.":[68],"The":[69,100],"analysis":[70],"was":[71],"based":[72],"on":[73,76],"survey":[75,101],"targeting":[81],"European":[82],"transmission":[84],"system":[85],"operators,":[86],"stakeholder":[88],"group":[89],"responsible":[90],"for":[91,111,185],"operating":[92],"network":[94],"implementing":[96],"Network":[98,232],"Codes.":[99],"provided":[102],"an":[103],"assessment":[104],"mechanism":[106],"transferability":[107],"identified":[109],"early":[113,166,186],"development":[114],"market.":[118],"Core":[119],"principles":[122],"trading":[124,139],"frameworks":[125],"are":[126],"broadly":[127],"transferable":[128],"such":[133],"as":[134],"entry-exit":[135],"systems":[136],"virtual":[138],"points.":[140],"Capacity":[141],"allocation":[142],"requires":[143],"targeted":[144],"adaptation":[145,154],"improve":[147],"coupling":[148],"with":[149],"electricity":[150],"markets.":[151],"Tariffs":[152],"require":[153],"through":[155],"intertemporal":[156],"cost":[157],"allocation,":[158],"distributing":[159],"infrastructure":[160],"costs":[161],"over":[162],"time":[163],"protect":[165],"adopters.":[167],"Balancing":[168],"regimes":[169],"should":[170],"revisited":[172],"reflect":[174],"hydrogen\u2019s":[175],"physical":[176],"characteristics":[177],"different":[179],"linepack":[180],"flexibility":[181,204],"uses.":[182],"Key":[183],"include:":[189],"temporal":[190],"mismatches":[191],"between":[192],"variable":[193],"supply":[195],"expected":[197],"relatively":[198],"stable":[199],"industrial":[200],"demand,":[201],"limited":[202],"operational":[203],"due":[205],"scarce":[207],"storage":[208],"reduced":[210],"pipeline":[211],"linepack,":[212],"fragmented":[213],"regional":[214],"clusters,":[216],"regulatory":[218],"affecting":[220],"long-term":[221],"decisions.":[223],"These":[224],"findings":[225],"provide":[226],"empirical":[227],"input":[228],"Codes":[233],"offer":[235],"guidance":[236],"policymakers":[238],"designing":[239],"frameworks.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}