{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143400682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071019","title":"Pathophysiological, Translational, and Diagnostic Aspects of ME/CFS: A Focus on Skeletal Muscle Involvement","display_name":"Pathophysiological, Translational, and Diagnostic Aspects of ME/CFS: A Focus on Skeletal Muscle Involvement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143400682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071019","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41975732","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13072767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16071019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/7/1019/pdf?version=1774686115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/7/1019/pdf?version=1774686115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055968688","display_name":"Giorgio Fan\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-5707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-5707"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Fan\u00f2-Illic","raw_affiliation_strings":["A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, 35100 Padova, Italy","Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy","Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","IIM\u2014Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-5707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, 35100 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIM\u2014Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080632522","display_name":"Francesco Coscia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Coscia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy","Sports Medicine Service of the San Candido, Innichen and Brunico-Bruneck Hospitals, Bolzano-Bozen, 39038 San Candido, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Service of the San Candido, Innichen and Brunico-Bruneck Hospitals, Bolzano-Bozen, 39038 San Candido, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028367933","display_name":"Paola Virginia Gigliotti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paola V. Gigliotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy","Sports Medicine Service of the San Candido, Innichen and Brunico-Bruneck Hospitals, Bolzano-Bozen, 39038 San Candido, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Service of the San Candido, Innichen and Brunico-Bruneck Hospitals, Bolzano-Bozen, 39038 San Candido, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067433792","display_name":"Franco Checcaglini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franco Checcaglini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus of Free University of Alcatraz, Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004343237","display_name":"Ugo Carraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0924-4998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0924-4998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ugo Carraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, 35100 Padova, Italy","Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0924-4998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, 35100 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074725692","display_name":"Stefania Fulle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-9127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-9127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefania Fulle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","IIM\u2014Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-9127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIM\u2014Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058079163","display_name":"Rosa Mancinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-7784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-7784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Mancinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","IIM\u2014Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-7784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIM\u2014Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058079163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":3.005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90987124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"1019","last_page":"1019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11282","display_name":"Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11282","display_name":"Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-fatigue-syndrome","display_name":"chronic fatigue syndrome","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-muscle-involvement","display_name":"skeletal muscle involvement","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-exertional-malaise","display_name":"post-exertional malaise","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-dysfunction","display_name":"mitochondrial dysfunction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation-contraction-coupling","display_name":"excitation-contraction coupling","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-handling","display_name":"calcium handling","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redox-imbalance","display_name":"redox imbalance","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-viral-syndromes","display_name":"post-viral syndromes","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-covid","display_name":"long COVID","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-intolerance","display_name":"exercise intolerance","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathophysiology","display_name":"pathophysiology","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.8046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777321227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5420062","display_name":"Exercise intolerance","level":3,"score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160146798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471453","display_name":"Psychogenic disease","level":2,"score":0.5760999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10162356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135939","display_name":"Pathophysiology","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57600042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227564","display_name":"Oxidative phosphorylation","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28859421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39572","display_name":"Mitochondrion","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777614518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935710","display_name":"Mitochondrial disease","level":4,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270421","display_name":"Muscle weakness","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909765735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116663","display_name":"Muscle disorder","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777699224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638975","display_name":"Central core disease","level":5,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986317502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570714","display_name":"Energy metabolism","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775833069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6881881","display_name":"Mitochondrial myopathy","level":4,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779566273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209733","display_name":"Chronic fatigue syndrome","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909079248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954257","display_name":"Degenerative Disorder","level":3,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986762682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964754","display_name":"Basic research","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24586158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27075","display_name":"Mitochondrial DNA","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992644362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692536","display_name":"Muscle disease","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96526673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4867047","display_name":"Basic science","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16071019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/7/1019/pdf?version=1774686115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13072767","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41975732/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13072767/pdf/diagnostics-16-01019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41975732","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41975732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2dfa57dd2aa7459dbfbee9476f44ac25","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2dfa57dd2aa7459dbfbee9476f44ac25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 1019 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16071019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/7/1019/pdf?version=1774686115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143400682.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143400682.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43153713","https://openalex.org/W123411657","https://openalex.org/W142443555","https://openalex.org/W1491141584","https://openalex.org/W1828954572","https://openalex.org/W1831959584","https://openalex.org/W1972527021","https://openalex.org/W1972882792","https://openalex.org/W1978612820","https://openalex.org/W1992384426","https://openalex.org/W2014833819","https://openalex.org/W2030560166","https://openalex.org/W2035324964","https://openalex.org/W2050943437","https://openalex.org/W2068122817","https://openalex.org/W2075151495","https://openalex.org/W2082204059","https://openalex.org/W2098287790","https://openalex.org/W2115352750","https://openalex.org/W2117457995","https://openalex.org/W2118518863","https://openalex.org/W2138995305","https://openalex.org/W2167133054","https://openalex.org/W2169446901","https://openalex.org/W2284303138","https://openalex.org/W2316796509","https://openalex.org/W2518700063","https://openalex.org/W2766330091","https://openalex.org/W2892559330","https://openalex.org/W2899894719","https://openalex.org/W2980436444","https://openalex.org/W2982439704","https://openalex.org/W3004348632","https://openalex.org/W3013352992","https://openalex.org/W3024249113","https://openalex.org/W3082788161","https://openalex.org/W3083176958","https://openalex.org/W3105513153","https://openalex.org/W3125153662","https://openalex.org/W3153802550","https://openalex.org/W3175266171","https://openalex.org/W3177256923","https://openalex.org/W3187269078","https://openalex.org/W3192632917","https://openalex.org/W3193458379","https://openalex.org/W3195442125","https://openalex.org/W3206227516","https://openalex.org/W4211189881","https://openalex.org/W4211215912","https://openalex.org/W4293150163","https://openalex.org/W4293567638","https://openalex.org/W4322772127","https://openalex.org/W4322772847","https://openalex.org/W4362559676","https://openalex.org/W4379233222","https://openalex.org/W4386645833","https://openalex.org/W4387640215","https://openalex.org/W4387855878","https://openalex.org/W4389303849","https://openalex.org/W4390585233","https://openalex.org/W4391353634","https://openalex.org/W4392806711","https://openalex.org/W4399671825","https://openalex.org/W4402196273","https://openalex.org/W4403002318","https://openalex.org/W4403649727","https://openalex.org/W4405827945","https://openalex.org/W4406363497","https://openalex.org/W4407193340","https://openalex.org/W4407624555","https://openalex.org/W4407633368","https://openalex.org/W4408089821","https://openalex.org/W4410411398","https://openalex.org/W4410477222","https://openalex.org/W4411023694","https://openalex.org/W4412110614","https://openalex.org/W4412110744","https://openalex.org/W4413874966","https://openalex.org/W4414326254","https://openalex.org/W4416092365","https://openalex.org/W4416245553","https://openalex.org/W7117477398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392806711","https://openalex.org/W4405827945","https://openalex.org/W2284303138","https://openalex.org/W7134274797","https://openalex.org/W2988075525","https://openalex.org/W7204560406","https://openalex.org/W7125636315","https://openalex.org/W7135403379","https://openalex.org/W4407624555","https://openalex.org/W7203874337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Myalgic":[0],"Encephalomyelitis/Chronic":[1],"Fatigue":[2],"Syndrome":[3],"(ME/CFS)":[4],"is":[5,95],"a":[6,60,90,96,172,185,216],"chronic,":[7],"multisystemic":[8],"disorder":[9,174,188],"characterized":[10,189],"by":[11,17,21,26,190],"severe,":[12],"persistent":[13],"fatigue":[14],"not":[15],"alleviated":[16],"rest":[18],"and":[19,34,46,62,77,81,86,109,121,148,177,195,207,212,228],"worsened":[20],"minimal":[22],"exertion,":[23],"often":[24],"accompanied":[25],"post-exertional":[27,208],"malaise":[28],"(PEM),":[29],"unrefreshing":[30],"sleep,":[31],"cognitive":[32],"dysfunction,":[33,116,194],"autonomic":[35],"disturbances.":[36],"Despite":[37],"decades":[38],"of":[39,65,71,79,99,106,155,169,204],"research,":[40],"its":[41],"pathophysiology":[42],"remains":[43],"incompletely":[44],"understood,":[45],"skeletal":[47,72,153,186],"muscle":[48,73,122,154],"involvement":[49],"has":[50],"only":[51],"recently":[52],"gained":[53],"attention.":[54],"This":[55,94],"review":[56,98],"aims":[57],"to":[58,82,130,139,200],"provide":[59],"historical":[61],"pathophysiological":[63,87],"synthesis":[64],"ME/CFS,":[66],"emphasizing":[67],"the":[68,75,201,220],"pivotal":[69],"role":[70],"in":[74,125,128,152],"onset":[76],"persistence":[78],"symptoms,":[80],"integrate":[83],"molecular,":[84],"cellular,":[85],"evidence":[88],"into":[89],"coherent":[91],"explanatory":[92],"framework.":[93],"narrative":[97],"published":[100],"literature":[101],"(1990\u20132025)":[102],"with":[103,157,175],"critical":[104],"integration":[105],"clinical,":[107],"biochemical,":[108],"experimental":[110],"data":[111],"on":[112],"oxidative":[113,141,191],"stress,":[114,142],"mitochondrial":[115,140,193],"Excitation\u2013Contraction":[117],"(E-C":[118],"coupling)":[119],"dysregulation,":[120],"secretome":[123],"alterations":[124],"ME/CFS":[126,170,180],"also":[127],"relation":[129],"post-viral":[131],"syndromes":[132],"(e.g.,":[133],"Long":[134],"COVID).":[135],"Evidence":[136],"consistently":[137],"points":[138],"redox":[143],"imbalance,":[144],"impaired":[145,196],"Ca2+":[146],"handling,":[147],"altered":[149],"signaling":[150],"pathways":[151],"patients":[156],"ME/CFS.":[158],"Historical":[159],"milestones":[160],"show":[161],"an":[162],"evolution":[163],"from":[164],"psychogenic":[165],"interpretations":[166],"toward":[167],"recognition":[168],"as":[171,184],"biological":[173],"neuromuscular":[176],"metabolic":[178],"underpinnings.":[179],"can":[181],"be":[182],"interpreted":[183],"muscle\u2013metabolic":[187],"distress,":[192],"energy":[197],"regulation,":[198],"leading":[199],"clinical":[202,213],"picture":[203],"exercise":[205],"intolerance":[206],"malaise.":[209],"Integrating":[210],"basic":[211],"research":[214],"through":[215],"translational":[217],"approach":[218],"provides":[219],"foundation":[221],"for":[222],"new":[223],"diagnostic":[224],"tools,":[225],"targeted":[226],"therapies,":[227],"biomarkers.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}