{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143397565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-026-00313-z","title":"Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Surface Water Extent in Lake Haramaya, Ethiopia Using Multi-Sensor Satellite Data (1990\u20132024)","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Surface Water Extent in Lake Haramaya, Ethiopia Using Multi-Sensor Satellite Data (1990\u20132024)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143397565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-026-00313-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41976-026-00313-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-026-00313-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-026-00313-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238254","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences","issn_l":"2520-8195","issn":["2520-8195","2520-8209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8842115/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003421420","display_name":"Jemal Tefera Abebe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127290","display_name":"Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02x9fwx10","country_code":"ET","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127290"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jemal Tefera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Training and Technology Transfer, Space Science & Geospatial Institute, Addis Ababa, 33679, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Training and Technology Transfer, Space Science & Geospatial Institute, Addis Ababa, 33679, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055936599","display_name":"Esubalew Adem Yibrie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-6922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-6922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127290","display_name":"Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02x9fwx10","country_code":"ET","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127290"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esubalew Adem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geodesy and Geodynamics, Space Science & Geospatial Institute, Addis Ababa, 33679, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-6922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geodesy and Geodynamics, Space Science & Geospatial Institute, Addis Ababa, 33679, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057496359","display_name":"Mansour Almazroui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["GB","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansour Almazroui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135173823","display_name":"Riaz Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riaz Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073103893","display_name":"Suraj Kumar Bhagat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-3155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-3155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100463","display_name":"SRM University, Andhra Pradesh","ror":"https://ror.org/013vs5h31","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suraj Kumar Bhagat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, SRM University - AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, SRM University - AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003421420","https://openalex.org/A5055936599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127290"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.3756999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.3756999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14157","display_name":"Environmental and Agricultural Sciences","score":0.121799997985363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13490","display_name":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity","score":0.12099999934434891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lake-desiccation","display_name":"lake desiccation","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-water-extent","display_name":"surface water extent","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-impacts-on-lakes","display_name":"human impact on lakes","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watershed-restoration","display_name":"watershed restoration","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-and-water-conservation","display_name":"soil and water conservation","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watershed-management","display_name":"watershed management","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lake-recovery","display_name":"lake recovery","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landsat","display_name":"Landsat","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mndwi","display_name":"MNDWI","score":0.8619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.7402999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6657000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175327387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3289906","display_name":"Aquatic ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149207113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water use","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127142870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838279","display_name":"Trend analysis","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1284942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929501","display_name":"Water level","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110158866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462136","display_name":"Water conservation","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133830359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81041","display_name":"Water cycle","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43632280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4387041","display_name":"Watershed management","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122058494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974425","display_name":"Watershed area","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41976-026-00313-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-026-00313-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-026-00313-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238254","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences","issn_l":"2520-8195","issn":["2520-8195","2520-8209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8842115/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8842115/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8842115/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8842115/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8842115/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8842115/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8842115/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8842115/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143397565.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143397565.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1165404481","https://openalex.org/W1607365510","https://openalex.org/W1953500521","https://openalex.org/W1970254605","https://openalex.org/W1995331786","https://openalex.org/W2028979033","https://openalex.org/W2031441528","https://openalex.org/W2045084504","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2094202273","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2157333379","https://openalex.org/W2261645655","https://openalex.org/W2330317606","https://openalex.org/W2418627116","https://openalex.org/W2478466842","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2604199742","https://openalex.org/W2604937949","https://openalex.org/W2770395892","https://openalex.org/W2784385846","https://openalex.org/W2795550267","https://openalex.org/W2897285410","https://openalex.org/W2902509227","https://openalex.org/W2945354730","https://openalex.org/W2947007059","https://openalex.org/W2964460232","https://openalex.org/W2975649989","https://openalex.org/W2986228804","https://openalex.org/W2989762932","https://openalex.org/W2991614285","https://openalex.org/W3009120027","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3119191421","https://openalex.org/W4210615424","https://openalex.org/W4214811311","https://openalex.org/W4224290386","https://openalex.org/W4225265313","https://openalex.org/W4229639981","https://openalex.org/W4282960053","https://openalex.org/W4283217987","https://openalex.org/W4283657715","https://openalex.org/W4283747631","https://openalex.org/W4290851496","https://openalex.org/W4293340658","https://openalex.org/W4296260303","https://openalex.org/W4315796894","https://openalex.org/W4317722011","https://openalex.org/W4322210570","https://openalex.org/W4322487624","https://openalex.org/W4360586868","https://openalex.org/W4360586887","https://openalex.org/W4362633614","https://openalex.org/W4377013814","https://openalex.org/W4384501770","https://openalex.org/W4386185981","https://openalex.org/W4386894963","https://openalex.org/W4390237927","https://openalex.org/W4390746481","https://openalex.org/W4393861759","https://openalex.org/W4393899353","https://openalex.org/W4396960887","https://openalex.org/W4400593485","https://openalex.org/W4400606223","https://openalex.org/W4401389098","https://openalex.org/W4401868633","https://openalex.org/W4404322948","https://openalex.org/W4413036024","https://openalex.org/W4413447858","https://openalex.org/W7082043710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360586868","https://openalex.org/W2947007059","https://openalex.org/W4283747631","https://openalex.org/W7203703547","https://openalex.org/W7161157595","https://openalex.org/W4399989830","https://openalex.org/W4400606223","https://openalex.org/W2942335820","https://openalex.org/W4315796894","https://openalex.org/W4417358645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,8,43,69,118,125,160,182,215,227],"significant":[5,153],"fluctuations":[6],"in":[7,14,79,91,98,203],"surface":[9,71],"area":[10,72],"of":[11,25,65,85,121,186,218],"Lake":[12,188],"Haramaya":[13,187],"eastern":[15],"Ethiopia":[16],"from":[17,76],"1990":[18,80],"to":[19,51,81,130,163,170],"2024,":[20,167],"utilizing":[21],"time":[22],"series":[23],"analysis":[24,60],"Multi-Spectral":[26],"(MS,":[27],"Landsat)":[28],"and":[29,54,96,107,148,174,176,196,208,225,235],"Synthetic":[30],"Aperture":[31],"Radar":[32],"(SAR,":[33],"Sentinel)":[34],"satellite":[35],"imagery.":[36],"Annual":[37],"water":[38,57,135,144,177,237],"extent":[39,106],"was":[40,116,155],"mapped":[41],"using":[42],"Modified":[44],"Normalized":[45],"Difference":[46],"Water":[47],"Index":[48],"(MNDWI)":[49],"applied":[50],"MS":[52],"data":[53],"complementary":[55],"SAR-based":[56],"detection.":[58],"The":[59,212],"reveals":[61],"a":[62,82,152,200],"clear":[63],"trajectory":[64],"severe":[66],"decline,":[67],"with":[68,159],"lake's":[70],"shrinking":[73],"by":[74,88,166,193],"87.5%":[75],"3.77":[77],"km\u00b2":[78,87,165],"critical":[83,216],"low":[84],"0.47":[86],"2020,":[89,158],"culminating":[90],"near-complete":[92],"desiccation":[93],"around":[94],"2005":[95],"again":[97],"2017.":[99],"A":[100],"weak":[101],"statistical":[102],"correlation":[103],"between":[104],"lake":[105,161],"rainfall":[108],"(r":[109],"\u2248":[110],"\u22120.27)":[111],"indicates":[112],"that":[113],"climatic":[114],"variability":[115],"not":[117],"primary":[119],"driver":[120],"this":[122],"collapse.":[123],"Instead,":[124],"shrinkage":[126],"is":[127],"strongly":[128],"attributed":[129],"anthropogenic":[131],"pressures,":[132],"including":[133],"unregulated":[134],"extraction":[136],"for":[137,140,229],"irrigation,":[138],"particularly":[139],"khat":[141],"cultivation,":[142],"urban":[143],"supply,":[145],"domestic":[146],"use,":[147],"watershed":[149,210,233],"erosion.":[150],"Remarkably,":[151],"resurgence":[154],"observed":[156],"after":[157],"recovering":[162],"2.73":[164],"primarily":[168],"due":[169],"concerted":[171],"catchment":[172],"rehabilitation":[173],"soil":[175],"conservation":[178],"efforts.":[179],"In":[180],"particular,":[181],"Participatory":[183],"Integrated":[184],"Watershed":[185],"Development":[189],"(PILHWSD)":[190],"program,":[191],"led":[192],"local":[194],"institutions":[195],"communities,":[197],"has":[198],"played":[199],"central":[201],"role":[202],"reducing":[204],"runoff,":[205],"enhancing":[206],"recharge,":[207],"improving":[209],"conditions.":[211],"findings":[213],"underscore":[214],"impact":[217],"human":[219],"activity":[220],"on":[221],"fragile":[222],"aquatic":[223],"ecosystems":[224],"highlight":[226],"potential":[228],"recovery":[230],"through":[231],"integrated":[232],"management":[234],"sustainable":[236],"resource":[238],"policies.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}