{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143328089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","title":"Scaling Project-Based Learning with Artificial Intelligence-Powered Parametric Feedback\u2014A Model for Nakhchivan State University","display_name":"Scaling Project-Based Learning with Artificial Intelligence-Powered Parametric Feedback\u2014A Model for Nakhchivan State University","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143328089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.0054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","pdf_url":"https://electricajournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1321/1299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203742","display_name":"Istanbul University - Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering","issn_l":"1303-0914","issn":["1303-0914","2619-9831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTRICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://electricajournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1321/1299","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130975875","display_name":"Rajab Jafarli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-4034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-4034","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5980-3178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103841","display_name":"Nakhchivan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dqrx648","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71333263","display_name":"Nakhchivan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wne9d91","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}],"countries":["AZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajab Jafarli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nakhchivan State University English Language and Translation Department, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-4034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nakhchivan State University English Language and Translation Department, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841","https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130928087","display_name":"Gozal Firudin Jafarli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3743-5875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3743-5875"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103841","display_name":"Nakhchivan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dqrx648","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71333263","display_name":"Nakhchivan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wne9d91","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}],"countries":["AZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gozal Firudin Jafarli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nakhchivan State University General Mathematics Department, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3743-5875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nakhchivan State University General Mathematics Department, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103841","https://openalex.org/I71333263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049416933","display_name":"Alaskar \u00d6zper\u00e7in","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-5608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-5608"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alaskar \u00d6zper\u00e7in","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0130stanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa-Hasan Ali Yu\u0308cel Faculty of Education, French Language Teaching Department, Istanbul, Tu\u0308rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-5608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0130stanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa-Hasan Ali Yu\u0308cel Faculty of Education, French Language Teaching Department, Istanbul, Tu\u0308rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017929059","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ad\u0131g\u00fczel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-2267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-2267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ad\u0131g\u00fczel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical-Electronic Engineering Department, \u0130stanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, \u0130stanbul, Tu\u0308rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-2267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical-Electronic Engineering Department, \u0130stanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, \u0130stanbul, Tu\u0308rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0555,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96415134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.034699998795986176,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-based-learning","display_name":"project-based learning","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"artificial intelligence in education","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-feedback","display_name":"adaptive feedback","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-intelligence","display_name":"hybrid intelligence","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"learning analytics","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubric-based-assessment","display_name":"rubric-based assessment","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-workload-reduction","display_name":"faculty workload reduction","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-self-regulation","display_name":"student self-regulation","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-collaboration","display_name":"student cooperation","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-loafing","display_name":"social loafing","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics-in-education","display_name":"AI ethics in education","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-in-higher-education","display_name":"university teaching","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructivist-learning-theory","display_name":"constructivist learning theory","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"engineering education","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6388999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25630884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918581","display_name":"Social loafing","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060990","display_name":"Problem-based learning","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","pdf_url":"https://electricajournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1321/1299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203742","display_name":"Istanbul University - Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering","issn_l":"1303-0914","issn":["1303-0914","2619-9831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTRICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.26054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.26054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203742","display_name":"Istanbul University - Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering","issn_l":"1303-0914","issn":["1303-0914","2619-9831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTRICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:779d3b0372144360b71e3e74ea6fb3a7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/779d3b0372144360b71e3e74ea6fb3a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrica, Vol 26 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5152/electrica.2026.0054","pdf_url":"https://electricajournal.org/index.php/pub/article/download/1321/1299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203742","display_name":"Istanbul University - Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering","issn_l":"1303-0914","issn":["1303-0914","2619-9831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTRICA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9980000257492065,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143328089.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143328089.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416852258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7143373393","https://openalex.org/W4406842846","https://openalex.org/W7160102158","https://openalex.org/W7223414181","https://openalex.org/W4396695993","https://openalex.org/W7164689578","https://openalex.org/W4404415970","https://openalex.org/W7155616451","https://openalex.org/W4400684698","https://openalex.org/W7223122963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Project-based":[0],"learning":[1,110,328,346],"(PBL)":[2],"is":[3,29,76],"a":[4,64,94,119,226],"vital":[5],"pedagogical":[6,126,324],"approach":[7],"that":[8,58,82,108,155,207,304],"cultivates":[9],"critical":[10],"thinking,":[11],"collaboration,":[12],"and":[13,40,50,70,88,114,122,139,148,213,221,238,259,280,295,311,317,341],"problem-solving":[14],"skills.":[15],"However,":[16],"its":[17,125],"widespread":[18],"adoption":[19],"in":[20,24,36,143,178,196,229,256,300],"higher":[21,301],"education,":[22,302],"particularly":[23],"contexts":[25],"like":[26],"Azerbaijani":[27],"universities,":[28],"hindered":[30],"by":[31,184,267],"excessive":[32],"faculty":[33,141,160],"workload,":[34],"difficulties":[35],"providing":[37],"continuous":[38],"assessment,":[39],"the":[41,84,100,144,166,173,188,208,216,262,276,293],"absence":[42],"of":[43,86,146,194,251,273,298],"scalable":[44],"digital":[45],"scaffolding.":[46],"This":[47,199],"study":[48,101,135],"proposes":[49],"validates":[51,124],"an":[52,79,103,129,288],"institution-based":[53],"model":[54,217,286,352],"for":[55,292,353],"X":[56,354],"University":[57],"utilizes":[59],"Artificial":[60],"intelligence":[61,96],"(AI)":[62],"as":[63,78],"parametric":[65,105,350],"feedback":[66,106,116,210,244,278],"mechanism":[67],"to":[68,169],"streamline":[69],"scale":[71],"PBL":[72,170,299],"application.":[73],"The":[74,241],"AI":[75,156,209,277,305],"conceptualized":[77],"adaptive":[80,115,243],"system":[81,174],"maximizes":[83],"flow":[85],"information":[87],"tunes":[89],"support":[90],"levels,":[91],"operating":[92],"within":[93,118],"hybrid":[95],"(HI)":[97],"framework.":[98],"Methodologically,":[99],"introduces":[102],"AI-supported":[104],"architecture":[107],"integrates":[109],"analytics,":[111],"rubric-based":[112],"evaluation,":[113],"loops":[117],"HI":[120],"framework":[121,291],"empirically":[123,289],"effectiveness":[127],"through":[128],"eight-week":[130],"pilot":[131,134],"implementation.":[132],"A":[133],"involving":[136],"304":[137],"students":[138,252,274],"15":[140],"members":[142],"Faculties":[145],"Education":[147],"Engineering":[149],"demonstrated":[150],"empirical":[151],"validity.":[152],"Outcomes":[153],"show":[154],"integration":[157,264],"substantially":[158],"reduced":[159],"workload":[161],"(26\u2013":[162],"28%":[163],"reduction),":[164],"resolving":[165],"logistical":[167],"barrier":[168],"scalability.":[171],"Simultaneously,":[172],"produced":[175],"meaningful":[176],"gains":[177,193],"student":[179,205,315],"outcomes:":[180],"project":[181],"quality":[182],"improved":[183],"12":[185],"points":[186],"on":[187],"standardized":[189],"rubric,":[190],"with":[191,204,248,326,347],"category-specific":[192],"+13":[195],"technical":[197],"accuracy.":[198],"improvement":[200],"was":[201,211,265],"strongly":[202],"correlated":[203],"perceptions":[206],"actionable":[212],"relevant.":[214],"Furthermore,":[215],"significantly":[218,312],"enhanced":[219],"collaboration":[220],"self-regulation.":[222],"Collaboration":[223],"analytics":[224],"documented":[225],"23.7%":[227],"increase":[228],"mean":[230],"individual":[231],"contributions":[232],"per":[233],"student,":[234],"mitigating":[235],"social":[236],"loafing":[237],"unequal":[239],"participation.":[240],"continuous,":[242],"fostered":[245],"Self-Regulated":[246],"Learning,":[247],"over":[249,271],"80%":[250],"reporting":[253],"high":[254,268],"confidence":[255],"managing":[257],"projects":[258],"deadlines.":[260],"Crucially,":[261],"ethical":[263],"affirmed":[266],"trust":[269],"levels;":[270],"82%":[272],"found":[275],"unbiased":[279],"transparent.":[281],"In":[282],"conclusion,":[283],"this":[284,331],"AI-PBL":[285],"provides":[287],"validated":[290],"responsible":[294],"effective":[296],"scaling":[297],"demonstrating":[303],"can":[306],"both":[307],"resolve":[308],"institutional":[309],"bottlenecks":[310],"enhance":[313],"core":[314],"competencies":[316],"collaborative":[318],"equity,":[319],"all":[320],"while":[321],"maintaining":[322],"strong":[323],"alignment":[325],"constructivist":[327],"theories.":[329],"Cite":[330],"article":[332],"as:":[333],"R.":[334],"Jafarli,":[335,338],"G.":[336],"F.":[337],"A.":[339],"\u00d6zper\u00e7in":[340],"E.":[342],"Ad\u0131g\u00fczel,":[343],"\"Scaling":[344],"project-based":[345],"artificial":[348],"intelligence\u2013powered":[349],"feedback\u2014A":[351],"university,\"":[355],"Electrica,":[356],"2026,":[357],"26,":[358],"0054,":[359],"doi:":[360],"10.5152/electr.2026.26054.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}
