{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143325852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968","title":"Precise and robust domain engineering based on the Faraday cage effect for thin-film lithium niobate photonics","display_name":"Precise and robust domain engineering based on the Faraday cage effect for thin-film lithium niobate photonics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143325852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/optica.588968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197940","display_name":"Optica","issn_l":"2334-2536","issn":["2334-2536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146718900","display_name":"Yanqun Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanqun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104322134","display_name":"Furong Zhong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Furong Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383300","display_name":"Lin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5270-8620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5270-8620"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494574","display_name":"Yuntao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7184-6220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7184-6220"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuntao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146604229","display_name":"Jinyi Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044013734","display_name":"Zhongjin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-2650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-2650"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-2650","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043629925","display_name":"Xinlun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-7307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-7307"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-7307","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3208,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3208},"apc_paid":{"value":3208,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3208},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1908633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"835","last_page":"835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11025","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film-lithium-niobate","display_name":"thin-film lithium niobate","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-engineering","display_name":"domain engineering","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-harmonic-generation","display_name":"second harmonic generation","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field-distribution","display_name":"electric field distribution","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguides","display_name":"waveguides","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-photonics","display_name":"nonlinear photonics","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-nonlinearity","display_name":"quadratic nonlinearity","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777207636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424481","display_name":"Lithium niobate","level":2,"score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6072999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207230154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848501","display_name":"Faraday effect","level":3,"score":0.5449000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108948954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208138","display_name":"Faraday cage","level":3,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4390999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203146411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934296","display_name":"Optical isolator","level":3,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160272327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841007","display_name":"Cage","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984692560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523846","display_name":"Integrated optics","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75302062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900150","display_name":"Photonic crystal","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/optica.588968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197940","display_name":"Optica","issn_l":"2334-2536","issn":["2334-2536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2603.01218","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01218","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.01218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.01218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.01218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/optica.588968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.588968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197940","display_name":"Optica","issn_l":"2334-2536","issn":["2334-2536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3383510188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62405382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4436528310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8570294759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025HY00260115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143325852.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143325852.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965154772","https://openalex.org/W1974614835","https://openalex.org/W1984384954","https://openalex.org/W1989975557","https://openalex.org/W2019951471","https://openalex.org/W2030008566","https://openalex.org/W2032714025","https://openalex.org/W2042545232","https://openalex.org/W2082329054","https://openalex.org/W2103533874","https://openalex.org/W2140077054","https://openalex.org/W2152634300","https://openalex.org/W2438048919","https://openalex.org/W2802777054","https://openalex.org/W2899558822","https://openalex.org/W2963456800","https://openalex.org/W2970916942","https://openalex.org/W3011559733","https://openalex.org/W3018072873","https://openalex.org/W3042520095","https://openalex.org/W3042536030","https://openalex.org/W3043239897","https://openalex.org/W3119797240","https://openalex.org/W3165533136","https://openalex.org/W3207852440","https://openalex.org/W4283171931","https://openalex.org/W4283689677","https://openalex.org/W4387966321","https://openalex.org/W4389386931","https://openalex.org/W4392760838","https://openalex.org/W4393258113","https://openalex.org/W4400520945","https://openalex.org/W4403083350","https://openalex.org/W4403586871","https://openalex.org/W4406823542","https://openalex.org/W4409716425","https://openalex.org/W4410008691","https://openalex.org/W4412774864","https://openalex.org/W4416575510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133360878","https://openalex.org/W4401453235","https://openalex.org/W4416392862","https://openalex.org/W4416575510","https://openalex.org/W4417124033","https://openalex.org/W4399097602","https://openalex.org/W3034270884","https://openalex.org/W4414324883","https://openalex.org/W7165117379","https://openalex.org/W7162627244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thin-film":[0],"lithium":[1],"niobate":[2],"(TFLN)":[3],"waveguides":[4],"are":[5,98],"promising":[6],"for":[7,101,145],"efficient":[8],"second-harmonic":[9],"generation":[10],"(SHG)":[11],"owing":[12],"to":[13,57,87],"their":[14],"strong":[15],"optical":[16],"confinement":[17],"and":[18,37,46,133],"large":[19],"second-order":[20],"nonlinearity.":[21],"However,":[22],"robust":[23,38],"fabrication":[24],"of":[25,40,71,81,115,123,135],"high-efficiency":[26],"devices":[27],"remains":[28],"challenging,":[29],"as":[30],"existing":[31],"domain":[32,49,126],"engineering":[33,50],"methods":[34],"lack":[35],"precise":[36],"controls":[39],"polarity":[41,66],"distributions.":[42],"Here,":[43],"we":[44],"propose":[45],"demonstrate":[47],"a":[48,79,89,102,111],"technique":[51],"that":[52],"utilizes":[53],"nanoscale":[54],"Faraday":[55,73],"cages":[56,74],"shape":[58],"the":[59,69,72,83,124,130,143],"electric-field":[60],"distributions":[61],"during":[62],"poling,":[63],"physically":[64],"defining":[65],"distribution":[67],"by":[68],"geometry":[70],"without":[75],"real-time":[76],"monitoring.":[77],"As":[78],"proof":[80],"concept,":[82],"method":[84],"is":[85],"used":[86],"fabricate":[88],"spatially":[90],"selectively":[91],"poled":[92,99],"TFLN":[93],"waveguide,":[94],"where":[95],"all":[96],"regions":[97],"except":[100],"400":[103],"nm":[104],"wide":[105],"central":[106],"strip.":[107],"This":[108],"waveguide":[109],"achieves":[110],"normalized":[112],"SHG":[113],"efficiency":[114],"6224\u00b1400%W":[116],"\u22121":[117],"cm":[118],"\u22122":[119],".":[120],"Systematic":[121],"investigation":[122],"inverted":[125],"growth":[127],"dynamics":[128],"confirms":[129],"enhanced":[131],"precision":[132],"robustness":[134],"this":[136],"approach":[137],"over":[138],"conventional":[139],"time-controlled":[140],"methods,":[141],"paving":[142],"way":[144],"scalable":[146],"nonlinear":[147],"photonic":[148],"circuits.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}
