{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7142556445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","title":"Determining the location and size of cracks on the Garabashi glacier using ground penetrating radar surveys","display_name":"Determining the location and size of cracks on the Garabashi glacier using ground penetrating radar surveys","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7142556445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223550","display_name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","issn_l":"1998-4502","issn":["1998-4502","2499-975X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108736361","display_name":"A. H. Adzhiev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anatoly Adzhiev","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Mountain Geophysical Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Mountain Geophysical Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088433784","display_name":"N. V. Kondratyeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-4489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-4489"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Kondratyeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Mountain Geophysical Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Mountain Geophysical Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042142918","display_name":"\u041a\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-3759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-3759"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zalina Kerefova","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Mountain Geophysical Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Mountain Geophysical Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066039688","display_name":"Alan L. Kortiev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-7099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-7099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114666","display_name":"North-Caucasian Mining and Metallurgical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/027frky36","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114666"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Kortiev","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"1802","last_page":"1812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.6898999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.6898999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.3052000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-crevasses","display_name":"glacier crevasses","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-cracks","display_name":"ice cracks","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"ground penetrating radar","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-accumulation","display_name":"snow accumulation","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacial-hazards","display_name":"glacial hazards","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elbrus","display_name":"Elbrus","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uav-aerial-survey","display_name":"UAV aerial survey","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-monitoring","display_name":"glacier monitoring","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kabardino-balkaria","display_name":"Kabardino-Balkaria","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-caucasus","display_name":"North Caucasus","score":0.8040000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6973000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6245999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.611299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5777999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.5723000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176262533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688034","display_name":"Aerial survey","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107018473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52120","display_name":"Glaciology","level":4,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223550","display_name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","issn_l":"1998-4502","issn":["1998-4502","2499-975X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2025-17-4-1802-1812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223550","display_name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","issn_l":"1998-4502","issn":["1998-4502","2499-975X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321795364","https://openalex.org/W2610602886","https://openalex.org/W2119846453","https://openalex.org/W2127902318","https://openalex.org/W3101469260","https://openalex.org/W2959998907","https://openalex.org/W4401953098","https://openalex.org/W2991332639","https://openalex.org/W7100679526","https://openalex.org/W2021669133"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction.":[0],"The":[1,45,119,165,271],"most":[2],"famous":[3],"recreational":[4,24],"area":[5,32,198],"of":[6,47,56,81,98,152,168,201,215,228,231,242,256,273,310,319,334,340,348,395,408,423],"the":[7,11,16,20,42,48,52,59,82,110,117,134,153,172,194,210,225,229,243,253,257,264,268,274,303,320,328,345,349,353,356,382,392,396,406,421],"Kabardino-Balkarian":[8],"Republic":[9],"and":[10,23,54,69,75,93,140,150,203,240,313,323,337,359,367,371],"entire":[12,195],"North":[13],"Caucasus":[14],"is":[15,28,41,122,362,372,400,415],"Elbrus":[17],"region,":[18],"where":[19],"all-season":[21,39],"tourist":[22],"complex":[25],"\u201cElbrus":[26],"Resort\u201d":[27],"being":[29],"developed.":[30],"One":[31],"with":[33,263,284],"potential":[34],"for":[35,38,116,375,419,428],"further":[36],"development":[37],"skiing":[40],"Garabashi":[43,60,83,258],"Glacier.":[44],"aim":[46],"research:":[49],"to":[50,124,208,290,352,381,402],"determine":[51],"location":[53],"size":[55],"cracks":[57,74],"on":[58,79,90,224,252,302],"glacier":[61,197,304,426],"using":[62,144,160,182],"ground":[63,154],"penetrating":[64,155],"radar":[65,86,106,156,211,269,322],"surveys.":[66],"Research":[67,163],"materials":[68],"methods.":[70],"To":[71],"map":[72],"ice":[73],"assess":[76,403],"snow":[77,180,312],"accumulation":[78],"sections":[80],"Glacier,":[84,259],"ground-based":[85],"measurements":[87],"were":[88,101,142,222],"conducted":[89,185],"June":[91],"4":[92],"5,":[94],"2025.":[95],"A":[96,316],"total":[97,166],"14.7":[99],"km":[100],"covered.":[102],"An":[103],"OKO":[104],"ground-penetrating":[105],"(GPR)":[107],"manufactured":[108],"by":[109],"Russian":[111],"company":[112],"GEOTECH":[113],"was":[114,158,174,206],"used":[115,207],"measurements.":[118],"control":[120],"unit":[121],"connected":[123],"a":[125,178,183,187,236,308,332,338,424],"field":[126],"laptop":[127],"running":[128],"Geoscan":[129,145],"32":[130,146],"software,":[131],"which":[132,232,260,414],"controls":[133],"radar.":[135],"Radar":[136],"control,":[137],"initial":[138],"processing,":[139],"visualization":[141],"performed":[143,159],"software.":[147,162],"Further":[148],"processing":[149],"analysis":[151,318],"data":[157,265,325],"Radexpro":[161],"results.":[164,217],"number":[167],"measurement":[169],"points":[170],"along":[171],"profiles":[173],"2,180,526.":[175],"Data":[176],"from":[177,287],"traditional":[179],"survey":[181,212,246],"probe,":[184],"over":[186,279,341],"100x100":[188],"m":[189],"grid":[190],"(270":[191],"points)":[192],"across":[193],"accessible":[196],"as":[199,377],"part":[200,347],"monitoring":[202],"balance":[204],"work,":[205],"verify":[209],"data.":[213],"Discussion":[214],"research":[216],"At":[218],"least":[219,249],"3,108":[220],"crevasses":[221,234,251,276,296,329,409],"identified":[223],"surveyed":[226,254],"section":[227,255,427],"glacier,":[230,350],"2,502":[233],"pose":[235],"significant":[237],"hazard.":[238],"Analysis":[239],"interpretation":[241],"UAV-based":[244],"aerial":[245],"revealed":[247],"at":[248,391],"2,000":[250],"correlates":[261],"well":[262],"obtained":[266,321],"during":[267],"survey.":[270],"longest":[272],"discovered":[275],"can":[277,330],"reach":[278,331],"230":[280],"meters":[281,292,336,365,369],"in":[282],"length,":[283],"widths":[285],"ranging":[286],"20-30":[288],"cm":[289],"3":[291],"or":[293],"more.":[294],"These":[295],"often":[297],"create":[298],"an":[299,416],"impassable":[300],"labyrinth":[301],"surface,":[305],"hidden":[306],"under":[307],"layer":[309],"seasonal":[311],"firn.":[314],"Conclusion.":[315],"combined":[317],"UAV":[324,386],"showed":[326],"that":[327],"width":[333],"3-5":[335],"depth":[339],"10":[342],"meters.":[343],"Only":[344],"westernmost":[346],"adjacent":[351],"moraine":[354],"between":[355],"Bochki":[357],"station":[358],"Priyut":[360],"11,":[361],"approximately":[363],"1,300":[364],"long":[366],"200-500":[368],"wide,":[370],"relatively":[373],"safe":[374],"use":[376],"ski":[378,429],"slopes.":[379,430],"Conclusions":[380],"article.":[383],"Using":[384],"high-resolution":[385],"images":[387],"(5-30":[388],"cm)":[389],"taken":[390],"very":[393],"end":[394],"snowmelt":[397],"period,":[398],"it":[399],"possible":[401],"not":[404],"only":[405],"position":[407],"but":[410],"also":[411],"their":[412],"width,":[413],"important":[417],"parameter":[418],"assessing":[420],"safety":[422],"selected":[425]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-03-29T00:00:00"}