{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140317954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","title":"Integrated Assessment of Emerging Contaminants (Microplastics and Pfas) in Nigerian Freshwater Systems: A Review of Implications on Ecotoxicology and Human Health","display_name":"Integrated Assessment of Emerging Contaminants (Microplastics and Pfas) in Nigerian Freshwater Systems: A Review of Implications on Ecotoxicology and Human Health","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140317954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss3-pg550-559-202603_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss3-pg550-559-202603_pdf.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120089953","display_name":"Happy Pere-Ela Omodu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147765412","display_name":"Niger Delta University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pwcr767","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147765412"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Happy Pere-ela Omodu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147765412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029869922","display_name":"Adedoyin Oluwatoyin Omidiji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-6927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-6927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147765412","display_name":"Niger Delta University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pwcr767","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147765412"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adedoyin Oluwatoyin Omidiji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147765412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147765412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"550","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microplastics","display_name":"microplastics","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances","display_name":"per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pfas","display_name":"PFAS","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-contaminants","display_name":"emerging contaminants","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater-ecosystems","display_name":"freshwater ecosystems","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioaccumulation","display_name":"bioaccumulation","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioindicators","display_name":"bioindicators","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquatic-invertebrates","display_name":"aquatic invertebrates","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-contamination","display_name":"drinking water contamination","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-contamination","display_name":"sediment contamination","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-sludge","display_name":"wastewater sludge","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecotoxicology","display_name":"ecotoxicology","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-health-risk","display_name":"human health risk","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-pathways","display_name":"exposure pathways","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.6877999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46685645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890135","display_name":"Freshwater ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71572567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864231","display_name":"Bioaccumulation","level":2,"score":0.5620999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176585087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864438","display_name":"Bioindicator","level":2,"score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175327387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3289906","display_name":"Aquatic ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115346097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412144","display_name":"Ecotoxicology","level":2,"score":0.5141000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.43869999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13474642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43806","display_name":"Invertebrate","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991714712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3289906","display_name":"Aquatic environment","level":2,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.38190001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109051061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864610","display_name":"Biomonitoring","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141818822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011699","display_name":"Ecosystem health","level":4,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018082027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102192","display_name":"Fresh water","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140367703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295843","display_name":"Ecological health","level":3,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909415995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollutants","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158278297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756633","display_name":"Aquatic animal","level":3,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072742","display_name":"Freshwater fish","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777095139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4764975","display_name":"Sentinel species","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss3-pg550-559-202603_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100300034","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss3-pg550-559-202603_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.7630000114440918,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140317954.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140317954.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106893924","https://openalex.org/W3157443876","https://openalex.org/W3209934866","https://openalex.org/W4281677147","https://openalex.org/W4283751138","https://openalex.org/W4311662002","https://openalex.org/W4318052506","https://openalex.org/W4318542413","https://openalex.org/W4319066268","https://openalex.org/W4353029260","https://openalex.org/W4363646755","https://openalex.org/W4366464243","https://openalex.org/W4378349243","https://openalex.org/W4379600534","https://openalex.org/W4383058305","https://openalex.org/W4383911606","https://openalex.org/W4384920127","https://openalex.org/W4388859889","https://openalex.org/W4392283584","https://openalex.org/W4392752318","https://openalex.org/W4392869947","https://openalex.org/W4393403623","https://openalex.org/W4394986900","https://openalex.org/W4396798603","https://openalex.org/W4399979560","https://openalex.org/W4399982791","https://openalex.org/W4400352192","https://openalex.org/W4400624426","https://openalex.org/W4401831533","https://openalex.org/W4403569890","https://openalex.org/W4410964468","https://openalex.org/W4410977444","https://openalex.org/W4411158499","https://openalex.org/W4413115367","https://openalex.org/W4415909557","https://openalex.org/W4416275549","https://openalex.org/W4416940023","https://openalex.org/W4417347844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160284687","https://openalex.org/W4417328841","https://openalex.org/W7212155462","https://openalex.org/W7196945821","https://openalex.org/W7161474471","https://openalex.org/W7164036226","https://openalex.org/W4412438945","https://openalex.org/W7118077925","https://openalex.org/W7168171675","https://openalex.org/W4399216164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microplastics":[0],"(MPs)":[1],"and":[2,4,10,16,30,56,72,80,91,104,109,115,156,162,171,178,182,188,208,211],"per-":[3],"polyfluoroalkyl":[5],"substances":[6],"(PFAs)":[7],"pose":[8],"more":[9,11],"risks":[12,217],"to":[13,51,123,214],"freshwater":[14,60,77,113],"ecosystems":[15],"overall":[17],"human":[18,173],"health,":[19],"especially":[20],"in":[21,58,99,112,153,192],"Nigeria":[22],"where":[23],"communities":[24],"depend":[25],"heavily":[26],"on":[27,34,44,76,86,136],"surface":[28],"waters,":[29],"the":[31,45,49,126,137,201],"available":[32],"data":[33,145],"these":[35],"contaminants":[36],"remain":[37],"limited.":[38],"This":[39],"study":[40],"reviews":[41],"existing":[42,198],"evidence":[43,199],"occurrence,":[46],"eco-toxicological":[47,210],"implications,":[48],"dangers":[50],"health":[52,190],"associated":[53],"with":[54,102],"MPs":[55,181],"PFAS":[57,183],"Nigerian":[59,100],"systems.":[61],"A":[62],"qualitative":[63],"narrative":[64],"review":[65],"was":[66,84],"conducted":[67],"using":[68],"peer-reviewed":[69],"studies,":[70,88],"reports,":[71],"regional":[73],"investigations":[74],"focusing":[75],"organisms,":[78],"sediments,":[79,155],"water":[81,116,177],"matrices.":[82],"Emphasis":[83],"placed":[85],"bioindicator":[87],"analytical":[89],"techniques,":[90],"exposure":[92,174],"pathways.":[93],"Findings":[94],"indicate":[95],"widespread":[96],"microplastic":[97],"contamination":[98],"rivers,":[101],"fibers":[103],"films":[105],"of":[106,133,139],"polyethylene,":[107],"polypropylene,":[108],"nylon":[110],"detected":[111],"invertebrates":[114],"samples":[117],"at":[118],"eco-toxicologically":[119],"significant":[120],"levels.":[121],"Transfers":[122],"fishes":[124],"from":[125],"affected":[127],"organisms":[128],"are":[129,146],"made":[130],"possible":[131],"because":[132],"their":[134,160],"position":[135],"cycle":[138],"feeding":[140],"for":[141,203],"aquatic":[142],"organisms.":[143],"PFAs":[144],"comparatively":[147],"scarce":[148],"but":[149],"confirm":[150],"detectable":[151],"concentrations":[152],"water,":[154],"wastewater":[157],"sludge,":[158],"underscoring":[159],"persistence":[161],"bioaccumulative":[163],"potential.":[164],"Evidence":[165],"suggests":[166],"potential":[167],"sub-lethal":[168],"ecological":[169],"effects":[170],"plausible":[172],"through":[175],"drinking":[176],"fish":[179],"consumption.":[180],"represent":[184],"a":[185],"growing":[186],"environmental":[187],"public":[189],"concern":[191],"Nigeria.":[193],"Despite":[194],"limited":[195],"local":[196],"data,":[197],"supports":[200],"need":[202],"precautionary":[204],"management,":[205],"expanded":[206],"monitoring,":[207],"integrated":[209],"health-focused":[212],"research":[213],"mitigate":[215],"future":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-03-26T00:00:00"}