{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140233293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03394-7","title":"3D Printed Vaginal Rings For Contraceptive Applications: Materials, Mechanisms, and Opportunities","display_name":"3D Printed Vaginal Rings For Contraceptive Applications: Materials, Mechanisms, and Opportunities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140233293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03394-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41876940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1208/s12249-026-03394-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03394-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03394-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1234972","display_name":"AAPS PharmSciTech","issn_l":"1530-9932","issn":["1530-9932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AAPS PharmSciTech","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006945812","display_name":"Riya Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-0359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-0359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257251","display_name":"LJ University","ror":"https://ror.org/052hbwv48","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257251"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riya Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Near Sarkhej-Sanand Circle, LJ CampusOff. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, 382210, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-0359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Near Sarkhej-Sanand Circle, LJ CampusOff. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, 382210, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119717970","display_name":"Paranshi Jadeja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0763-9814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0763-9814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162019","display_name":"Indrashil University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcdrk12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162019"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paranshi Jadeja","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi, Gujarat, 382715, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0763-9814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi, Gujarat, 382715, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005286358","display_name":"Shailvi Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-0332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-0332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165831266","display_name":"Nirma University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qkq7x38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257251","display_name":"LJ University","ror":"https://ror.org/052hbwv48","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257251"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shailvi Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Near Sarkhej-Sanand Circle, LJ CampusOff. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, 382210, India","Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-0332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Near Sarkhej-Sanand Circle, LJ CampusOff. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, 382210, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032480526","display_name":"Shreeraj Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-7104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-7104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165831266","display_name":"Nirma University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qkq7x38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257251","display_name":"LJ University","ror":"https://ror.org/052hbwv48","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257251"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shreeraj Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Near Sarkhej-Sanand Circle, LJ CampusOff. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, 382210, India","Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-7104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Near Sarkhej-Sanand Circle, LJ CampusOff. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, 382210, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048086609","display_name":"Bhupendra Gopalbhai Prajapati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-4541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-4541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9694494","display_name":"Parul University","ror":"https://ror.org/024v3fg07","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9694494"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bhupendra Prajapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India. bhupendra.prajapati40731@paruluniversity.ac.in"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-4541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India. bhupendra.prajapati40731@paruluniversity.ac.in","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9694494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048086609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9694494"],"apc_list":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74074074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.7890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.7890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.11389999836683273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.0575999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravaginal-ring","display_name":"intravaginal ring","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-acting-reversible-contraception","display_name":"long-acting reversible contraception","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-medicine","display_name":"personalized medicine","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucoadhesion","display_name":"mucoadhesion","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodegradable-polymers","display_name":"biodegradable polymers","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatible-polymers","display_name":"biocompatible polymers","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fused-deposition-modeling","display_name":"fused deposition modeling","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereolithography","display_name":"stereolithography","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4d-printing","display_name":"4D printing","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-sti-prevention","display_name":"HIV/STI prevention","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-strength","display_name":"mechanical strength","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-aspects","display_name":"regulatory considerations","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.7394999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.7318999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6409000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780329122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18349149","display_name":"Fused deposition modeling","level":3,"score":0.5515000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780395129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128971","display_name":"Rapid prototyping","level":2,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984430287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186249","display_name":"Pharmaceutical technology","level":2,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780020223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25323681","display_name":"Mucoadhesion","level":4,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776810592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899868","display_name":"Intrauterine device","level":5,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983112114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"Three dimensional printing","level":3,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001672","descriptor_name":"Biocompatible Materials","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003267","descriptor_name":"Contraception","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003274","descriptor_name":"Contraceptive Devices, Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066330","descriptor_name":"Printing, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1208/s12249-026-03394-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03394-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03394-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1234972","display_name":"AAPS PharmSciTech","issn_l":"1530-9932","issn":["1530-9932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AAPS PharmSciTech","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41876940","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41876940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AAPS PharmSciTech","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509303906","https://openalex.org/W1966512934","https://openalex.org/W1970529569","https://openalex.org/W2015721897","https://openalex.org/W2025986796","https://openalex.org/W2031911044","https://openalex.org/W2050885387","https://openalex.org/W2068554406","https://openalex.org/W2087032263","https://openalex.org/W2094625090","https://openalex.org/W2104939725","https://openalex.org/W2106122852","https://openalex.org/W2142408999","https://openalex.org/W2269328007","https://openalex.org/W2344598639","https://openalex.org/W2407211380","https://openalex.org/W2418453408","https://openalex.org/W2498394961","https://openalex.org/W2572885059","https://openalex.org/W2604130305","https://openalex.org/W2646448136","https://openalex.org/W2782813959","https://openalex.org/W2787019945","https://openalex.org/W2791635875","https://openalex.org/W2809205410","https://openalex.org/W2905194851","https://openalex.org/W2913643649","https://openalex.org/W2981180224","https://openalex.org/W2981945656","https://openalex.org/W2991649411","https://openalex.org/W3086465581","https://openalex.org/W3127720144","https://openalex.org/W3132120873","https://openalex.org/W3161201433","https://openalex.org/W3172141159","https://openalex.org/W3182972845","https://openalex.org/W3207159650","https://openalex.org/W3209765622","https://openalex.org/W4210606618","https://openalex.org/W4220889788","https://openalex.org/W4282843401","https://openalex.org/W4291172312","https://openalex.org/W4298865129","https://openalex.org/W4307262501","https://openalex.org/W4321201278","https://openalex.org/W4365513375","https://openalex.org/W4365816515","https://openalex.org/W4376117285","https://openalex.org/W4382458731","https://openalex.org/W4384346640","https://openalex.org/W4384563671","https://openalex.org/W4385548180","https://openalex.org/W4385648993","https://openalex.org/W4387238565","https://openalex.org/W4388563001","https://openalex.org/W4388653513","https://openalex.org/W4390815210","https://openalex.org/W4390977303","https://openalex.org/W4393085714","https://openalex.org/W4396608965","https://openalex.org/W4400083043","https://openalex.org/W4401466488","https://openalex.org/W4402734747","https://openalex.org/W4403155310","https://openalex.org/W4403285585","https://openalex.org/W4404006603","https://openalex.org/W4404122216","https://openalex.org/W4406190046","https://openalex.org/W4406357689","https://openalex.org/W4406505152","https://openalex.org/W4407086637","https://openalex.org/W4407098827","https://openalex.org/W4408614241","https://openalex.org/W4410142690","https://openalex.org/W4411474708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204272213","https://openalex.org/W4416199126","https://openalex.org/W7122580700","https://openalex.org/W2939063255","https://openalex.org/W2925272396","https://openalex.org/W7207830906","https://openalex.org/W4414809464","https://openalex.org/W4404122216","https://openalex.org/W4402734747","https://openalex.org/W2787019945"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-03-25T00:00:00"}