{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140225433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20646","title":"EQISA: Energy-efficient Quantum Instruction Set Architecture using Sparse Dictionary Learning","display_name":"EQISA: Energy-efficient Quantum Instruction Set Architecture using Sparse Dictionary Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140225433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2603.20646","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20646","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.20646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.20646","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109738426","display_name":"Sibasish Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-8420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-8420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145640","display_name":"QuTech","ror":"https://ror.org/04wf30j82","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040","https://openalex.org/I4210145640","https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mishra, Sibasish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum & Computer Engineering , Delft University of Technology , The Netherlands","Quantum Computing Division , QuTech , The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum & Computer Engineering , Delft University of Technology , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Computing Division , QuTech , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047404679","display_name":"Aritra Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-6892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-6892"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarkar, Aritra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051707356","display_name":"Sebastian Feld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-1469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-1469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145640","display_name":"QuTech","ror":"https://ror.org/04wf30j82","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040","https://openalex.org/I4210145640","https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feld, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum & Computer Engineering , Delft University of Technology , The Netherlands","Quantum Computing Division , QuTech , The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum & Computer Engineering , Delft University of Technology , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Computing Division , QuTech , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145640"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit-compression","display_name":"quantum circuit compression","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictionary-learning","display_name":"dictionary learning","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haar-random-unitaries","display_name":"Haar random unitaries","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huffman-coding","display_name":"Huffman coding","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit-synthesis","display_name":"quantum circuit synthesis","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7857999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46900642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2647","display_name":"Huffman coding","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2603.20646","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20646","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.20646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.20646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2603.20646","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20646","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.20646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140225433.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140225433.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950843936","https://openalex.org/W3128830132","https://openalex.org/W3210561246","https://openalex.org/W4292954364","https://openalex.org/W4377009867","https://openalex.org/W4386369922","https://openalex.org/W4402356634","https://openalex.org/W4409563041","https://openalex.org/W4414828041","https://openalex.org/W7124424393","https://openalex.org/W7147095643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886521985","https://openalex.org/W4318686695","https://openalex.org/W2976339459","https://openalex.org/W7221776124","https://openalex.org/W4284963980","https://openalex.org/W3047302159","https://openalex.org/W2913384061","https://openalex.org/W2035671693","https://openalex.org/W4280654109","https://openalex.org/W4318541542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"scalability":[1,175],"of":[2,24,48,76,92,119,138,147,157,176],"quantum":[3,49,62,69,113,120,152,158,177],"computing":[4],"in":[5,71,129,151],"supporting":[6],"sophisticated":[7],"algorithms":[8],"critically":[9],"depends":[10],"not":[11],"only":[12],"on":[13,21,111],"qubit":[14],"quality":[15],"and":[16,33,79,100,133,154,174],"error":[17],"handling,":[18],"but":[19],"also":[20],"the":[22,29,45,52,145,171],"efficiency":[23,173],"classical":[25,130],"control,":[26],"constrained":[27],"by":[28,43,96],"cryogenic":[30],"control":[31,131,178],"bandwidth":[32],"energy":[34,132,172],"budget.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37,41],"work,":[38],"we":[39],"address":[40],"challenge":[42],"investigating":[44],"algorithmic":[46,159],"complexity":[47],"circuits":[50,70,114,153],"at":[51],"instruction":[53,63,81,121],"set":[54,64,91],"architecture":[55,65],"(ISA)":[56],"level.":[57],"We":[58],"introduce":[59],"an":[60,101,166],"energy-efficient":[61],"(EQISA)":[66],"that":[67],"synthesizes":[68],"a":[72,84,90],"discrete":[73],"Solovay-Kitaev":[74],"basis":[75],"fixed":[77],"depth":[78],"encodes":[80],"streams":[82,122],"using":[83],"sparse":[85],"dictionary":[86],"learned":[87],"from":[88],"decomposing":[89],"Haar-random":[93],"unitaries,":[94],"followed":[95],"entropy-optimal":[97],"Huffman":[98],"coding":[99],"additional":[102],"lossless":[103],"bzip2":[104],"compression":[105,118],"stage.":[106],"This":[107],"approach":[108],"is":[109],"evaluated":[110],"benchmark":[112],"demonstrating":[115],"over":[116],"60%":[117],"across":[123],"system":[124],"sizes,":[125],"enabling":[126],"proportional":[127],"reductions":[128],"communication":[134],"overhead":[135],"without":[136],"loss":[137],"computational":[139],"fidelity.":[140],"Beyond":[141],"compression,":[142],"EQISA":[143,164],"facilitates":[144],"discovery":[146],"higher-level":[148],"composable":[149],"abstractions":[150],"provides":[155],"estimates":[156],"complexity.":[160],"These":[161],"findings":[162],"position":[163],"as":[165],"impactful":[167],"direction":[168],"for":[169],"improving":[170],"architectures.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-03-25T00:00:00"}