{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140105919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433","title":"Detection of Cell Damage and Types in Solar Panels: A Comprehensive Review","display_name":"Detection of Cell Damage and Types in Solar Panels: A Comprehensive Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140105919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433"},"language":"tr","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24012/dumf.1704433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183148","display_name":"D\u00dcMF M\u00fchendislik Dergisi","issn_l":"1309-8640","issn":["1309-8640","2146-4391"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dicle \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi M\u00fchendislik Dergisi","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079298876","display_name":"Ferdi Do\u011fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9203-697X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9203-697X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198587356","display_name":"Ad\u0131yaman University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s4gkg68","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198587356"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferdi Do\u011fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ADIYAMAN \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130K FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9203-697X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ADIYAMAN \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130K FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198587356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106729310","display_name":"Miktat Akta\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-5668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-5668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miktat Akta\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["FIRAT \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, FEN B\u0130L\u0130MLER\u0130 ENST\u0130T\u00dcS\u00dc, YAZILIM M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130\u011e\u0130 (DR)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-5668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIRAT \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, FEN B\u0130L\u0130MLER\u0130 ENST\u0130T\u00dcS\u00dc, YAZILIM M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130\u011e\u0130 (DR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045910069","display_name":"Nevzat Olgun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-4923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-4923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52407163","display_name":"Afyon Kocatepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1crh56","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52407163"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nevzat Olgun","raw_affiliation_strings":["AFYON KOCATEPE \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130K FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-4923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AFYON KOCATEPE \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130K FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52407163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018742656","display_name":"M\u00fccahit \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-5937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-5937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147699246","display_name":"Bing\u00f6l University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hx84x94","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147699246"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00fccahit \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["B\u0130NG\u00d6L \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130K-M\u0130MARLIK FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130, B\u0130LG\u0130SAYAR M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130\u011e\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-5937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"B\u0130NG\u00d6L \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130K-M\u0130MARLIK FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130, B\u0130LG\u0130SAYAR M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130\u011e\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147699246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029567697","display_name":"\u0130brahim T\u00fcrko\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4938-4167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4938-4167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0130brahim T\u00fcrko\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["FIRAT \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, TEKNOLOJ\u0130 FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130, YAZILIM M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130\u011e\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4938-4167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIRAT \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130, TEKNOLOJ\u0130 FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130, YAZILIM M\u00dcHEND\u0130SL\u0130\u011e\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6847,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96205188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.4814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.4814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.18770000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.10620000213384628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-panel-degradation","display_name":"solar panel degradation","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcracks","display_name":"microcracks","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delamination","display_name":"delamination","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-spot-formation","display_name":"hot spot formation","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overheating","display_name":"overheating","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-circuit","display_name":"short circuit","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disconnection","display_name":"disconnection","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dusting","display_name":"dusting","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-degradation","display_name":"UV degradation","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-loss","display_name":"energy loss","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308922","display_name":"Damages","level":2,"score":0.9613999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992808817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526","display_name":"Light energy","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24012/dumf.1704433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183148","display_name":"D\u00dcMF M\u00fchendislik Dergisi","issn_l":"1309-8640","issn":["1309-8640","2146-4391"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dicle \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi M\u00fchendislik Dergisi","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/1704433","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://izlik.org/JA85NF62TF","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4893388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dicle \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi M\u00fchendislik Dergisi, Vol. 17 No. 1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.firat.edu.tr:11508/26674","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11508/26674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196733","display_name":"DSpace - FIRAT (F\u0131rat University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","host_organization_name":"F\u0131rat University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Review Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24012/dumf.1704433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1704433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183148","display_name":"D\u00dcMF M\u00fchendislik Dergisi","issn_l":"1309-8640","issn":["1309-8640","2146-4391"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["tr-dizin"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dicle \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi M\u00fchendislik Dergisi","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140105919.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140105919.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":153,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1940426537","https://openalex.org/W1970382661","https://openalex.org/W1980917757","https://openalex.org/W2011408586","https://openalex.org/W2092090220","https://openalex.org/W2094123664","https://openalex.org/W2107259509","https://openalex.org/W2110967629","https://openalex.org/W2145296569","https://openalex.org/W2147180963","https://openalex.org/W2159316927","https://openalex.org/W2169781731","https://openalex.org/W2197982003","https://openalex.org/W2265368424","https://openalex.org/W2289244305","https://openalex.org/W2403397804","https://openalex.org/W2489007933","https://openalex.org/W2521224595","https://openalex.org/W2562157179","https://openalex.org/W2627007999","https://openalex.org/W2726744718","https://openalex.org/W2753383192","https://openalex.org/W2757117568","https://openalex.org/W2765992726","https://openalex.org/W2768767264","https://openalex.org/W2774808380","https://openalex.org/W2775931742","https://openalex.org/W2810737829","https://openalex.org/W2888808412","https://openalex.org/W2891607689","https://openalex.org/W2897242687","https://openalex.org/W2903787724","https://openalex.org/W2906696788","https://openalex.org/W2920876249","https://openalex.org/W2942885925","https://openalex.org/W2947972463","https://openalex.org/W2950076635","https://openalex.org/W2969424312","https://openalex.org/W2973049139","https://openalex.org/W2996564857","https://openalex.org/W2998346523","https://openalex.org/W2998640856","https://openalex.org/W3012709535","https://openalex.org/W3015681636","https://openalex.org/W3038891708","https://openalex.org/W3039738319","https://openalex.org/W3047702436","https://openalex.org/W3094933496","https://openalex.org/W3099509434","https://openalex.org/W3111850226","https://openalex.org/W3112742043","https://openalex.org/W3113299989","https://openalex.org/W3118320522","https://openalex.org/W3118755289","https://openalex.org/W3118860125","https://openalex.org/W3120739653","https://openalex.org/W3129385468","https://openalex.org/W3135190071","https://openalex.org/W3140337616","https://openalex.org/W3157003752","https://openalex.org/W3157179992","https://openalex.org/W3161977621","https://openalex.org/W3171588474","https://openalex.org/W3173336485","https://openalex.org/W3188300640","https://openalex.org/W3191214549","https://openalex.org/W3194945465","https://openalex.org/W3197095484","https://openalex.org/W3211200600","https://openalex.org/W4206687499","https://openalex.org/W4214947903","https://openalex.org/W4220733523","https://openalex.org/W4223644335","https://openalex.org/W4225080122","https://openalex.org/W4225376643","https://openalex.org/W4242295992","https://openalex.org/W4281606642","https://openalex.org/W4282007583","https://openalex.org/W4284695546","https://openalex.org/W4286615169","https://openalex.org/W4288428490","https://openalex.org/W4289333277","https://openalex.org/W4292262754","https://openalex.org/W4296326246","https://openalex.org/W4296875614","https://openalex.org/W4307483287","https://openalex.org/W4309683111","https://openalex.org/W4309848589","https://openalex.org/W4312289920","https://openalex.org/W4313447453","https://openalex.org/W4317107210","https://openalex.org/W4317603587","https://openalex.org/W4321496056","https://openalex.org/W4323566419","https://openalex.org/W4323824533","https://openalex.org/W4362675388","https://openalex.org/W4366986129","https://openalex.org/W4367052154","https://openalex.org/W4378221093","https://openalex.org/W4379534722","https://openalex.org/W4380991576","https://openalex.org/W4381149186","https://openalex.org/W4381618058","https://openalex.org/W4381849008","https://openalex.org/W4382864380","https://openalex.org/W4383219115","https://openalex.org/W4385503829","https://openalex.org/W4386049790","https://openalex.org/W4386225509","https://openalex.org/W4386750970","https://openalex.org/W4387042564","https://openalex.org/W4387314592","https://openalex.org/W4387909309","https://openalex.org/W4389160392","https://openalex.org/W4389829026","https://openalex.org/W4390463192","https://openalex.org/W4390467838","https://openalex.org/W4390485362","https://openalex.org/W4392746130","https://openalex.org/W4395675108","https://openalex.org/W4395696883","https://openalex.org/W4396736869","https://openalex.org/W4396780625","https://openalex.org/W4396785514","https://openalex.org/W4398545455","https://openalex.org/W4399059189","https://openalex.org/W4399297257","https://openalex.org/W4399679545","https://openalex.org/W4399699580","https://openalex.org/W4399801265","https://openalex.org/W4400452743","https://openalex.org/W4401406895","https://openalex.org/W4401517163","https://openalex.org/W4401870212","https://openalex.org/W4402562482","https://openalex.org/W4402855500","https://openalex.org/W4402864620","https://openalex.org/W4402931044","https://openalex.org/W4403125913","https://openalex.org/W4403576807","https://openalex.org/W4404033032","https://openalex.org/W4404411911","https://openalex.org/W4404419535","https://openalex.org/W4405078174","https://openalex.org/W4405522849","https://openalex.org/W4405601935","https://openalex.org/W4405920592","https://openalex.org/W4405997208","https://openalex.org/W4405999879","https://openalex.org/W4406039348","https://openalex.org/W4406356963","https://openalex.org/W4406728596","https://openalex.org/W4414545562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386225509","https://openalex.org/W4406337344","https://openalex.org/W6982621518","https://openalex.org/W7220042445","https://openalex.org/W7117749433","https://openalex.org/W3209285380","https://openalex.org/W7164762501","https://openalex.org/W3112349555","https://openalex.org/W3216417071","https://openalex.org/W7217880061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"healthy":[1],"operation":[2],"of":[3,18,21,30,42,51,84,118,123,135,181,189,219],"solar":[4,12,37,61],"energy":[5,13,23,34,38,46,62,77,129],"panels":[6,63],"used":[7],"for":[8,202,214],"electricity":[9],"production":[10,35,47,78],"from":[11,36],"is":[14,125],"important":[15,126,212],"in":[16,57,60,92,162,171],"terms":[17],"the":[19,22,28,40,49,53,93,133,136,139,163,168,172,179,185,215],"efficiency":[20],"produced.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"study,":[27],"types":[29,83],"damage":[31,140,173,203,220],"that":[32],"affect":[33,76],"panels,":[39],"effects":[41],"these":[43],"damages":[44,54,74,85,98,103,109,115,124],"on":[45,194],"and":[48,70,80,113,131,157,167,184,187,199,217],"methods":[50,142,156,183,192],"detecting":[52],"are":[55,96],"discussed":[56],"detail.":[58],"Damages":[59],"occur":[64],"due":[65],"to":[66,127],"environmental,":[67],"mechanical,":[68],"thermal":[69,102],"electrical":[71,108],"factors.":[72],"These":[73,95],"directly":[75],"negatively":[79],"reduce":[81],"efficiency.The":[82],"were":[86,143,146,165,197,206],"examined":[87],"under":[88,148],"four":[89],"main":[90,150],"headings":[91],"study.":[94],"mechanical":[97],"(micro":[99],"cracks,":[100],"delamination),":[101],"(hot":[104],"spot":[105],"formation,":[106],"overheating),":[107],"(short":[110],"circuit,":[111],"disconnections)":[112],"environmental":[114],"(dusting,":[116],"effect":[117],"UV":[119],"rays).":[120],"Early":[121],"detection":[122,141,174,204,221],"prevent":[128],"losses":[130],"extend":[132],"life":[134],"panels.":[137],"When":[138],"examined,":[144],"they":[145],"grouped":[147],"three":[149],"headings:":[151],"Traditional":[152],"methods,":[153],"advanced":[154,190],"technology-based":[155],"other":[158],"methods.The":[159],"findings":[160],"obtained":[161],"study":[164,209],"compiled":[166],"difficulties":[169],"encountered":[170],"processes,":[175],"as":[176,178],"well":[177],"inadequacies":[180],"traditional":[182],"advantages":[186],"disadvantages":[188],"technological":[191],"based":[193],"artificial":[195],"intelligence":[196],"revealed,":[198],"solution":[200],"suggestions":[201],"processes":[205],"presented.":[207],"This":[208],"provides":[210],"an":[211],"guide":[213],"development":[216],"application":[218],"methods.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}