{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140104499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154668","title":"Hydrogen-based rotary kiln reduction of magnetite-based oxidized pellets: A comprehensive study from macro-performance to micro-mechanisms","display_name":"Hydrogen-based rotary kiln reduction of magnetite-based oxidized pellets: A comprehensive study from macro-performance to micro-mechanisms","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140104499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48860480","display_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","issn_l":"0360-3199","issn":["0360-3199","1879-3487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077686311","display_name":"Jinxin Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-1393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-1393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxin Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-1393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139635885","display_name":"Jiaming Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109710485","display_name":"Yici Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4273-1672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4273-1672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yici Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033424721","display_name":"Guoping Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-3974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-3974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076472848","display_name":"Shengli An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-3045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-3045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengli An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Devices (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), PR China","Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Devices (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112546460","display_name":"Yongli Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9174-0473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9174-0473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongli Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087936977","display_name":"Yuxuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-6630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-6630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070117371","display_name":"Yifan Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-8288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-8288","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0325-4440"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-8288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources (Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070117371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"],"apc_list":{"value":3730,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3730},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99311254,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"227","issue":null,"first_page":"154668","last_page":"154668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11802","display_name":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetite-pellets","display_name":"magnetite pellets","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidized-pellets","display_name":"oxidized pellets","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallized-pellets","display_name":"metallized pellets","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallization-degree","display_name":"metallization degree","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction-temperature","display_name":"reduction temperature","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction-time","display_name":"reduction time","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-concentration","display_name":"hydrogen concentration","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-whiskers","display_name":"iron whiskers","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-carbon-ironmaking","display_name":"low-carbon ironmaking","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ironmaking","display_name":"ironmaking","score":0.4169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256630","display_name":"Rotary kiln","level":3,"score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19229882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724341","display_name":"Kiln","level":2,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3075000047683716}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48860480","display_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","issn_l":"0360-3199","issn":["0360-3199","1879-3487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.7811999917030334,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1532422987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JBGS0042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328958","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1642342039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022QNJS011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317803","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4431488121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NJYT22060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317803","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317803","display_name":"Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","ror":"https://ror.org/01y40gm27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328958","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia","ror":"https://ror.org/02v4g3v80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W220710019","https://openalex.org/W1967727694","https://openalex.org/W2809160621","https://openalex.org/W2889165195","https://openalex.org/W2896576363","https://openalex.org/W2969900502","https://openalex.org/W2998178681","https://openalex.org/W2999458928","https://openalex.org/W3091252976","https://openalex.org/W3138238433","https://openalex.org/W3170100655","https://openalex.org/W4285247458","https://openalex.org/W4384010089","https://openalex.org/W4384697461","https://openalex.org/W4385257583","https://openalex.org/W4388590323","https://openalex.org/W4390730608","https://openalex.org/W4392043913","https://openalex.org/W4397004569","https://openalex.org/W4400871316","https://openalex.org/W4402171348","https://openalex.org/W4402225536","https://openalex.org/W4402584897","https://openalex.org/W4403146137","https://openalex.org/W4404505811","https://openalex.org/W4404634631","https://openalex.org/W4405384878","https://openalex.org/W4405743679","https://openalex.org/W4405846973","https://openalex.org/W4406189776","https://openalex.org/W4407964272","https://openalex.org/W4409162033","https://openalex.org/W4410544928","https://openalex.org/W4411176795","https://openalex.org/W4411541352","https://openalex.org/W4411988240","https://openalex.org/W4413890204","https://openalex.org/W4415769737","https://openalex.org/W4415823356","https://openalex.org/W4416365546","https://openalex.org/W4416732998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213921008","https://openalex.org/W4400613614","https://openalex.org/W7222945434","https://openalex.org/W4388590323","https://openalex.org/W4410429313","https://openalex.org/W4401355081","https://openalex.org/W4406233672","https://openalex.org/W4389128794","https://openalex.org/W7163885610","https://openalex.org/W7214288922"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}