{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140094618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877","title":"Guar gum/PVA/graphene oxide environmental friendly hybrid hydrogels for sustained release of urea fertilizer","display_name":"Guar gum/PVA/graphene oxide environmental friendly hybrid hydrogels for sustained release of urea fertilizer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140094618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19181877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"volume":null,"type":"dataset","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104078234","display_name":"Muhammad Khalid Azeem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Khalid Azeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Polymer and Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Polymer and Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034772643","display_name":"Muhammad Anees Ur Rehman Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-6984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-6984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181355716","display_name":"Allama Iqbal Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vympt94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Anees Ur Rehman Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-6984","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037813469","display_name":"Atif Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-9817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-9817","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-6674"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atif Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Polymer and Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Polymer and Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103038414","display_name":"Atta Rasool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-0469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-0469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atta Rasool","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-0469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113424032","display_name":"Muhammad Naqeeb Ur Rehman Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4333-842X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4333-842X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200749728","display_name":"Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/035zn2q74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Naqeeb Ur Rehman Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah ARID Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4333-842X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah ARID Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130382149","display_name":"Haris Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haris Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRoNAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRoNAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12642","display_name":"Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12642","display_name":"Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12048","display_name":"Microencapsulation and Drying Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guar-gum","display_name":"guar gum","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyvinyl-alcohol","display_name":"polyvinyl alcohol","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene-oxide","display_name":"graphene oxide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-hydrogels","display_name":"hybrid hydrogels","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-release","display_name":"sustained drug release","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane","display_name":"3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siloxane-crosslinking","display_name":"siloxane crosslinking","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogel-swelling","display_name":"hydrogel swelling","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-retention","display_name":"water retention","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water-retention","display_name":"soil water retention","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandy-soil","display_name":"sandy soil","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-leaching","display_name":"fertilizer leaching","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.9764999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274959","display_name":"Distilled water","level":2,"score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.603600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318","display_name":"Urea","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776725572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422071","display_name":"Guar gum","level":2,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163588942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165929","display_name":"Controlled release","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19181877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19181878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19181877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19181877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.7811999917030334}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223220292","https://openalex.org/W4394010666","https://openalex.org/W4200446466","https://openalex.org/W2955943910","https://openalex.org/W4410421709","https://openalex.org/W7153196683","https://openalex.org/W7163569630","https://openalex.org/W4403615939","https://openalex.org/W4404061085","https://openalex.org/W4386886975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Modern":[1],"agriculture":[2],"faces":[3],"severe":[4],"challenges":[5,17],"related":[6,95],"to":[7,61,96,128,142,157],"water":[8,35,182,212,223],"scarcity,":[9],"leaching":[10],"and":[11,32,51,81,99,167,172,202,210],"fertilizer":[12,117],"runoff.":[13],"To":[14],"overcome":[15],"afore-mentioned":[16],"hydrogels":[18,55,64,125,134,148],"are":[19,135],"an":[20,229],"excellent":[21,181],"choice":[22],"which":[23,112,154],"act":[24],"as":[25],"water/nutrient":[26],"mini":[27],"reservoirs":[28],"in":[29,137,174,205,213],"the":[30,129,138,158,219],"soil":[31,140],"also":[33,179],"improve":[34],"retention":[36,183],"capability":[37,184],"for":[38,65,116,232,236],"healthy":[39],"plant":[40],"growth.":[41],"In":[42,119,217],"present":[43],"work,":[44],"guar":[45],"gum":[46],"(GG),":[47],"poly(vinyl":[48],"alcohol)":[49],"(PVA)":[50],"graphene":[52],"oxide":[53],"(GO)":[54],"were":[56,69,149,165],"cross-linked":[57],"3-Glycidyloxypropyl":[58],"trimethoxysilane":[59],"(GTMS)":[60],"prepare":[62],"GG/PVA/GO":[63,124,133,221],"agronomic":[66],"applications.":[67,238],"Hydrogels":[68,178],"characterized":[70],"by":[71,170],"using":[72],"Fourier":[73],"transform":[74],"infrared":[75],"spectroscopy":[76],"(FT-IR),":[77],"thermo-gravimetric":[78],"analysis":[79],"(TGA)":[80],"field":[82],"emission":[83],"scanning":[84],"electron":[85],"microscope":[86],"(FE-SEM).":[87],"The":[88,132,161],"FT-IR":[89],"spectrums":[90],"confirmed":[91],"specific":[92],"functional":[93],"groups":[94],"hydrogel":[97,110,225],"ingredients":[98],"their":[100],"intermolecular":[101],"interactions":[102],"importantly":[103],"siloxane":[104],"linkage.":[105],"FE-SEM":[106],"micrographs":[107],"revealed":[108],"heterogeneous":[109],"surfaces":[111],"can":[113],"be":[114,228],"exploited":[115],"adsorption.":[118],"addition,":[120],"thermal":[121],"resilience":[122],"of":[123,147,191],"is":[126,155,187],"proportional":[127],"GTMS":[130,159],"quantity.":[131],"degradable":[136],"sandy":[139,192],"up":[141],"18":[143],"days.":[144],"Swelling":[145],"volumes":[146],"maximum":[150],"at":[151],"pH":[152],"7":[153],"inverse":[156],"amount.":[160],"highest":[162],"swelling":[163],"%":[164],"2661%":[166],"2151%":[168],"displayed":[169],"GGP(cont)":[171],"GGP-8":[173],"distilled":[175,209],"water,":[176],"correspondingly.":[177],"demonstrated":[180],"when":[185],"0.2%":[186],"mixed":[188],"with":[189],"20g":[190],"soil.":[193],"Urea":[194],"release":[195,204,235],"profile":[196],"from":[197],"GGP-16":[198],"depicted":[199],"89.25%,":[200],"94.2%":[201],"85.96%":[203],"phosphate":[206],"buffer":[207],"saline,":[208],"rain":[211],"40":[214],"days,":[215],"respectively.":[216],"conclusion,":[218],"fabricated":[220],"degradable,":[222],"retentive":[224],"frameworks":[226],"would":[227],"ideal":[230],"platform":[231],"sustained":[233],"urea":[234],"agricultural":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}