{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140089974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","title":"Can Activation Steering Generalize Across Languages? A Study on Syllogistic Reasoning in Language Models","display_name":"Can Activation Steering Generalize Across Languages? A Study on Syllogistic Reasoning in Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140089974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.eacl-long.125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418011","display_name":"Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.eacl-long.125.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124946585","display_name":"Gabriele Maraia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Maraia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science , University of Sheffield , United Kingdom ( ) Human Centric ART ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science , University of Sheffield , United Kingdom ( ) Human Centric ART ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062023845","display_name":"Leonardo Ranaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-4146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-4146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Ranaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":[".p.A ","School of Computer Science , University of Sheffield , United Kingdom ( ) Human Centric ART ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":".p.A ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science , University of Sheffield , United Kingdom ( ) Human Centric ART ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032107191","display_name":"Marco Valentino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-8385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-8385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Valentino","raw_affiliation_strings":["(\u2295) ILCC , School of Informatics , University of Edinburgh , United Kingdom (\u2022)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(\u2295) ILCC , School of Informatics , University of Edinburgh , United Kingdom (\u2022)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029654514","display_name":"Fabio Massimo Zanzotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-3596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-3596"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Massimo Zanzotto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5469,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94959825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2739","last_page":"2753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.3537999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.3537999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.23669999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.21699999272823334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-steering","display_name":"activation steering","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syllogistic-reasoning","display_name":"syllogistic reasoning","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-models","display_name":"language models","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-lingual-generalization","display_name":"cross-lingual generalization","score":0.8629999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131598440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107342","display_name":"Syllogism","level":2,"score":0.6166999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.eacl-long.125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418011","display_name":"Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/bd9c2152-62e5-4e1a-8bc9-e459c903d83c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/654068198/MaraiaEtalEACL2026CanActivationSteeringGeneralize.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/654068198/MaraiaEtalEACL2026CanActivationSteeringGeneralize.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Maraia, G, Ranaldi, L, Valentino, M & Zanzotto, F M 2026, Can activation steering generalize across languages? A study on syllogistic reasoning in language models. in Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. pp. 2739\u20132753, 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Rabat, Morocco, 24/03/26. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.eacl-long.125","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.eacl-long.125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418011","display_name":"Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5892959833145142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140089974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140089974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401042756","https://openalex.org/W4385571738","https://openalex.org/W4385572055","https://openalex.org/W4416034257","https://openalex.org/W7166891233","https://openalex.org/W4411119288","https://openalex.org/W4417408803","https://openalex.org/W4404782321","https://openalex.org/W7166822345","https://openalex.org/W4402670989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gabriele":[0],"Maraia,":[1],"Leonardo":[2],"Ranaldi,":[3],"Marco":[4],"Valentino,":[5],"Fabio":[6],"Massimo":[7],"Zanzotto.":[8],"Proceedings":[9],"of":[10,14,18],"the":[11,15,19],"19th":[12],"Conference":[13],"European":[16],"Chapter":[17],"Association":[20],"for":[21],"Computational":[22],"Linguistics":[23],"(Volume":[24],"1:":[25],"Long":[26],"Papers).":[27],"2026.":[28]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}