{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140089697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","title":"Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Nepal","display_name":"Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Nepal","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140089697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42016944","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13093738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.73249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084421919","display_name":"Punya Ram Sukupayo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-0531","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-0531"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260720","display_name":"Bhaktapur Multiple Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/045yn2z02","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260720"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Punya Ram Sukupayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Department of Zoology Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal","Department of Zoology, Bhaktapur Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University  Bhaktapur Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-0531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Department of Zoology Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Bhaktapur Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University  Bhaktapur Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025828356","display_name":"Deegendra Khadka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-1277","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-1277"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5268612","display_name":"Nepal Academy of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00863x694","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5268612"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deegendra Khadka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)  Lalitpur Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-1277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)  Lalitpur Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5268612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031666179","display_name":"Jyoti Maharjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-9853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-9853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5268612","display_name":"Nepal Academy of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00863x694","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5268612"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyoti Maharjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)  Lalitpur Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-9853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)  Lalitpur Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5268612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057385690","display_name":"Ram Chandra Poudel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-0822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-0822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5268612","display_name":"Nepal Academy of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00863x694","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5268612"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ram Chandra Poudel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)  Lalitpur Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-0822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)  Lalitpur Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5268612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053774178","display_name":"Tirth Raj Ghimire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9952-1786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9952-1786"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259864","display_name":"Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/02vyf1d37","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405259864"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tirth Raj Ghimire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Tri\u2010Chandra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9952-1786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Tri\u2010Chandra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University  Kathmandu Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405259864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053774178","https://openalex.org/A5057385690","https://openalex.org/A5084421919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405259864","https://openalex.org/I4405260720","https://openalex.org/I5268612"],"apc_list":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"apc_paid":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"fwci":6.0647,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90485096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"e73249","last_page":"e73249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12606","display_name":"Diptera species taxonomy and behavior","score":0.44510000944137573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12606","display_name":"Diptera species taxonomy and behavior","score":0.44510000944137573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.40720000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.07890000194311142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosquito-genetic-diversity","display_name":"mosquito genetic diversity","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-relationships","display_name":"phylogenetic relationships","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosquitoes","display_name":"mosquitoes","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles","display_name":"Anopheles","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aedes","display_name":"Aedes","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culex","display_name":"Culex","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ae-aegypti","display_name":"Ae. aegypti","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coi","display_name":"COI","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/its2","display_name":"ITS2","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haplotype-network","display_name":"haplotype network","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tajima-s-d","display_name":"Tajima's D","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-growth","display_name":"population growth","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-vectors","display_name":"malaria vectors","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dengue-vector","display_name":"dengue vector","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nepal","display_name":"Central Nepal","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8539000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.707099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.7053999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26589402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068267","display_name":"Nucleotide diversity","level":5,"score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109186463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230536","display_name":"Genetic divergence","level":4,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155794727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306414","display_name":"Internal transcribed spacer","level":4,"score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44465124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623","display_name":"Clade","level":4,"score":0.5185999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63644423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338562","display_name":"Interspecific competition","level":2,"score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770985","display_name":"Intraspecific competition","level":2,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98722961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7189436","display_name":"Phylogenetic diversity","level":4,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94043034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377756","display_name":"Phylogeography","level":4,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138592617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748695","display_name":"Genetic distance","level":4,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85721925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31151","display_name":"Population genetics","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125390029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297859","display_name":"Species complex","level":4,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172777353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374271","display_name":"Genetic variability","level":4,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780688631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310911","display_name":"Aedes","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.73249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13093738","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13093738/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13093738/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecol Evol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42016944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42016944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8230e800d5a8447993df00db6096e4c6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8230e800d5a8447993df00db6096e4c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution, Vol 16, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.73249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318094","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325646","display_name":"Nepal Academy of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00863x694"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140089697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140089697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W983746","https://openalex.org/W162294964","https://openalex.org/W1827417170","https://openalex.org/W1841057661","https://openalex.org/W1946252112","https://openalex.org/W1973777766","https://openalex.org/W1986742054","https://openalex.org/W2019114165","https://openalex.org/W2052261418","https://openalex.org/W2054856616","https://openalex.org/W2056039804","https://openalex.org/W2081377931","https://openalex.org/W2099901798","https://openalex.org/W2138436408","https://openalex.org/W2143880872","https://openalex.org/W2145932037","https://openalex.org/W2158833271","https://openalex.org/W2164082939","https://openalex.org/W2181030843","https://openalex.org/W2181093785","https://openalex.org/W2236245162","https://openalex.org/W2321185646","https://openalex.org/W2484172152","https://openalex.org/W2525424881","https://openalex.org/W2598345744","https://openalex.org/W2621128804","https://openalex.org/W2755331695","https://openalex.org/W2767375254","https://openalex.org/W2777002714","https://openalex.org/W2794358532","https://openalex.org/W2805788597","https://openalex.org/W2942498841","https://openalex.org/W3016700653","https://openalex.org/W3017221391","https://openalex.org/W3093373024","https://openalex.org/W3096840242","https://openalex.org/W3097112820","https://openalex.org/W3097160399","https://openalex.org/W3120963636","https://openalex.org/W3129059411","https://openalex.org/W3195780290","https://openalex.org/W4211105882","https://openalex.org/W4251751280","https://openalex.org/W4281616262","https://openalex.org/W4287147346","https://openalex.org/W4296608988","https://openalex.org/W4387597447","https://openalex.org/W4399889706","https://openalex.org/W4403503873","https://openalex.org/W4404096497","https://openalex.org/W4404208580","https://openalex.org/W4410770564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3211409975","https://openalex.org/W2942498841","https://openalex.org/W4387597447","https://openalex.org/W3000938587","https://openalex.org/W7162936726","https://openalex.org/W4287147346","https://openalex.org/W7204203431","https://openalex.org/W7203503034","https://openalex.org/W4400924386","https://openalex.org/W1750278492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Mosquitoes":[1],"(family:":[2],"Culicidae)":[3],"include":[4],"several":[5],"species":[6,57,99,273],"that":[7,231],"act":[8],"as":[9,19],"vectors":[10],"of":[11,43,58,64,92,135,146,161,169],"major":[12],"human":[13],"diseases":[14],"by":[15],"transmitting":[16],"pathogens":[17],"such":[18],"Plasmodium":[20],"spp.":[21],"(malaria),":[22],"dengue":[23],"virus":[24],"(dengue),":[25],"filarial":[26],"worms":[27],"(filariasis),":[28],"and":[29,38,52,76,139,210,215,222,244,268],"various":[30],"other":[31],"arboviruses.":[32],"Species":[33],"from":[34,61,100,107],"the":[35,116,159,167,216,265],"subfamilies":[36],"Anophelinae":[37],"Culicinae":[39],"are":[40],"key":[41],"transmitters":[42],"pathogens.":[44],"This":[45],"research":[46],"aimed":[47],"to":[48,109],"assess":[49],"genetic":[50,88,188,266],"diversity":[51,133,142,267],"phylogenetic":[53],"relationships":[54,270],"among":[55,271],"different":[56],"mosquitoes":[59,94],"collected":[60,117],"five":[62],"districts":[63],"central":[65,242],"Nepal.":[66,275],"The":[67,148,200],"mitochondrial":[68],"cytochrome":[69],"c":[70],"oxidase":[71],"I":[72],"(":[73,81,143],"COI":[74],")":[75,83,145],"Internal":[77],"Transcribed":[78],"Spacer":[79],"2":[80],"ITS2":[82],"genes":[84],"were":[85,95,122],"employed":[86],"for":[87,180],"diversity.":[89],"A":[90],"total":[91],"7223":[93],"gathered,":[96],"encompassing":[97],"18":[98],"eight":[101],"genera":[102],"across":[103],"an":[104],"altitudinal":[105],"range":[106],"62":[108],"3840":[110],"m":[111],"above":[112],"sea":[113],"level.":[114],"From":[115],"mosquitoes,":[118],"114":[119],"high\u2010quality":[120],"sequences":[121],"obtained.":[123],"Ae":[124],".":[125,208,212,220,224],"aegypti":[126,233],"exhibited":[127,185,234],"lower":[128],"diversity,":[129],"with":[130,238,255],"a":[131,140,162,235,239,251],"haplotype":[132,243],"(Hd)":[134],"0.46":[136],"\u00b1":[137],"0.20":[138],"nucleotide":[141],"\u03c0":[144],"0.006.":[147],"significantly":[149],"negative":[150],"Tajima's":[151],"D":[152],"value":[153],"(\u22121.76,":[154],"p":[155],"<":[156],"0.05)":[157],"suggests":[158],"possibility":[160],"recent":[163],"population":[164],"expansion":[165],"or":[166],"effect":[168],"purifying":[170],"selection":[171],"on":[172,264],"this":[173],"species.":[174],"Phylogenetic":[175],"analysis":[176,229],"revealed":[177,230],"distinct":[178],"clades":[179],"most":[181],"genera,":[182],"while":[183,195],"Aedes":[184],"paraphyly.":[186],"Intraspecific":[187],"divergence":[189,197,203],"(K2P":[190],"distances)":[191],"was":[192,204],"below":[193],"2.39%,":[194],"interspecific":[196,202],"exceeded":[198],"8%.":[199],"highest":[201],"observed":[205],"between":[206,218],"Tx":[207],"splendens":[209],"An":[211],"subpictus":[213],"(25.28%),":[214],"lowest":[217],"Cx":[219,223],"pipiens":[221],"quinquefasciatus":[225],"(0.43%).":[226],"Haplotype":[227],"network":[228,254],"Ae.":[232,248],"star\u2010like":[236],"pattern":[237],"widely":[240],"shared":[241],"low\u2010frequency":[245],"variants,":[246],"whereas":[247],"albopictus":[249],"showed":[250],"more":[252],"structured":[253],"two":[256],"main":[257],"clusters.":[258],"These":[259],"findings":[260],"provide":[261],"valuable":[262],"information":[263],"evolutionary":[269],"mosquito":[272],"in":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}