{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140040176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65166/p3v11r43","title":"Universal Health Coverage and Labor Productivity in ASEAN: A Lagged Panel Analysis of Health Systems as Economic Infrastructure, 2000\u20132023","display_name":"Universal Health Coverage and Labor Productivity in ASEAN: A Lagged Panel Analysis of Health Systems as Economic Infrastructure, 2000\u20132023","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140040176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65166/p3v11r43"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.65166/p3v11r43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65166/p3v11r43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65166/p3v11r43","pdf_url":"https://journal.ijhba.com/index.php/ijhba/article/download/92/93","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055336","display_name":"International Journal of Health & Business Analytics","issn_l":"3116-2649","issn":["3116-2649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Health & Business Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journal.ijhba.com/index.php/ijhba/article/download/92/93","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130311269","display_name":"Aileen C. Patron","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131806991","display_name":"Centro Escolar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04janbd12","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131806991"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aileen C. Patron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Escolar University Manila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Escolar University Manila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131806991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121728448","display_name":"Leah Quinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2026-7570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2026-7570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258692","display_name":"De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012mgrb02","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leah Quinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2026-7570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084395706","display_name":"Ramon George Atento","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7598-1443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7598-1443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280047","display_name":"First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities","ror":"https://ror.org/02brd2074","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280047"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramon George Atento","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Asia Institute of Technology and the Humanities"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7598-1443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Asia Institute of Technology and the Humanities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98634605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-health-coverage","display_name":"universal health coverage","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asean","display_name":"ASEAN","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-incidence","display_name":"tuberculosis incidence","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-effect","display_name":"mediating effect","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-coverage","display_name":"health insurance coverage","score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-participation","display_name":"labor force participation","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-openness","display_name":"trade openness","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflation","display_name":"inflation","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagged-effects","display_name":"lagged effects","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.7222999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.7105000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60675406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2049349","display_name":"Panel analysis","level":3,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44970651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014030","display_name":"Fixed effects model","level":3,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13774568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q439112","display_name":"Population ageing","level":3,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777017832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6744383","display_name":"Malmquist index","level":4,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18747219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620994","display_name":"Standard error","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181683161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301159","display_name":"Real gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.65166/p3v11r43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65166/p3v11r43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65166/p3v11r43","pdf_url":"https://journal.ijhba.com/index.php/ijhba/article/download/92/93","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055336","display_name":"International Journal of Health & Business Analytics","issn_l":"3116-2649","issn":["3116-2649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Health & Business Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.65166/p3v11r43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65166/p3v11r43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65166/p3v11r43","pdf_url":"https://journal.ijhba.com/index.php/ijhba/article/download/92/93","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055336","display_name":"International Journal of Health & Business Analytics","issn_l":"3116-2649","issn":["3116-2649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Health & Business Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140040176.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140040176.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118415475","https://openalex.org/W3143118925","https://openalex.org/W3143812055","https://openalex.org/W3190941324","https://openalex.org/W3192430023","https://openalex.org/W4205719871","https://openalex.org/W4224108448","https://openalex.org/W4285490753","https://openalex.org/W4293432357","https://openalex.org/W4310360950","https://openalex.org/W4310776033","https://openalex.org/W4313237050","https://openalex.org/W4378378763","https://openalex.org/W4386532344","https://openalex.org/W4386759556","https://openalex.org/W4386854755","https://openalex.org/W4390583917","https://openalex.org/W4390904382","https://openalex.org/W4394574750","https://openalex.org/W4399497540","https://openalex.org/W4399785413","https://openalex.org/W4400283803","https://openalex.org/W4403002222","https://openalex.org/W4403136433","https://openalex.org/W4408568923","https://openalex.org/W4408655433","https://openalex.org/W4409920294","https://openalex.org/W4411976663","https://openalex.org/W4412956528","https://openalex.org/W4413094413","https://openalex.org/W4414702966","https://openalex.org/W4415610220","https://openalex.org/W7087160685","https://openalex.org/W7117866938","https://openalex.org/W7117867645","https://openalex.org/W7117889903","https://openalex.org/W7117891396","https://openalex.org/W7117895032","https://openalex.org/W7117899399","https://openalex.org/W7129049162","https://openalex.org/W7131293028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7124463048","https://openalex.org/W4213247359","https://openalex.org/W4409244553","https://openalex.org/W2075163272","https://openalex.org/W7214370803","https://openalex.org/W4281977103","https://openalex.org/W4387783055","https://openalex.org/W2544160585","https://openalex.org/W3168159380","https://openalex.org/W3010602450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,36],"analyzes":[2],"whether":[3],"universal":[4],"health":[5,28,358],"coverage":[6,43,329],"(UHC),":[7],"treated":[8],"as":[9,32,304],"an":[10],"indicator":[11],"of":[12,134,143,148,157,309],"health-system":[13],"strength,":[14],"is":[15,192,216,315,330],"associated":[16,194,217,332],"with":[17,79,195,218,333],"labor":[18,117,377],"productivity":[19,182,311],"in":[20,212,317,338],"ASEAN":[21,55],"economies.":[22],"Framed":[23],"within":[24],"the":[25,35,38,53,130,187,213,238,248,259,263,268,310,318,322,343,355,372],"view":[26],"that":[27,208,325,357,375],"systems":[29,359],"may":[30],"function":[31],"economic":[33,362],"infrastructure,":[34],"examines":[37],"relationship":[39,312],"between":[40,169,178],"UHC":[41,141,170,179,191,214,290,314,327],"service":[42,328],"and":[44,73,81,89,105,123,151,171,177,180,251,284,296,346],"GDP":[45,153,197],"per":[46,154,198,336],"person":[47,155,199],"employed":[48,156,200],"using":[49,102],"panel":[50,77,133],"data":[51],"from":[52,129],"ten":[54],"member":[56],"states":[57],"covering":[58],"2000":[59],"to":[60,94,361],"2023.":[61],"The":[62,223,352],"analysis":[63,164],"uses":[64],"descriptive":[65],"statistics,":[66],"correlation":[67],"analysis,":[68],"pooled":[69],"ordinary":[70],"least":[71],"squares,":[72],"two-way":[74],"fixed-effects":[75],"(TWFE)":[76],"regression":[78],"country":[80],"year":[82],"effects.":[83],"Lagged":[84],"models":[85,101,226],"at":[86,275],"one-year,":[87],"two-year,":[88],"three-year":[90,260],"intervals":[91],"are":[92,108],"estimated":[93],"test":[95],"temporal":[96],"persistence,":[97],"while":[98],"alternative":[99],"mediation":[100],"life":[103,146,172,294],"expectancy":[104,147,173,295],"tuberculosis":[106,298],"incidence":[107],"examined.":[109],"A":[110],"controlled":[111,264],"lagged":[112,224,265],"TWFE":[113,189,266],"specification":[114],"further":[115],"incorporates":[116],"force":[118],"participation,":[119],"inflation,":[120],"trade":[121],"openness,":[122],"urban":[124],"population":[125],"share.":[126],"Descriptive":[127],"results":[128,353],"balanced":[131],"core":[132],"240":[135],"country-year":[136],"observations":[137],"show":[138,324],"a":[139,209,305],"mean":[140,145,152],"index":[142,215],"64.31,":[144],"71.17":[149],"years,":[150],"54,015.41":[158],"constant":[159],"PPP":[160],"international":[161],"dollars.":[162],"Correlation":[163],"indicates":[165],"strong":[166],"positive":[167],"associations":[168],"(r":[174,183],"=":[175,184,202,205,232,235,242,245,253,256,278,282,287],"0.9315)":[176],"logged":[181,196],"0.8817).":[185],"In":[186,262],"contemporaneous":[188],"model,":[190],"positively":[193],"(\u03b2":[201],"0.0263,":[203],"p":[204],"0.0020),":[206],"implying":[207],"one-point":[210],"increase":[211],"approximately":[219],"2.63%":[220],"higher":[221,334],"productivity.":[222],"direct":[225],"yield":[227],"highly":[228],"stable":[229],"estimates:":[230],"\u03b2":[231,241,252],"0.0267":[233],"(p":[234,244,255,277,281,286],"0.0010)":[236],"for":[237,247,258,348],"one-year":[239],"lag,":[240,250],"0.0273":[243],"0.0006)":[246,257],"two-year":[249],"0.0275":[254],"lag.":[261],"models,":[267],"coefficients":[269],"decline":[270],"but":[271,300,369],"remain":[272],"statistically":[273,306],"significant,":[274],"0.0127":[276],"0.0463),":[279],"0.0137":[280],"0.0206),":[283],"0.0142":[285],"0.0076),":[288],"respectively.":[289],"also":[291,370],"significantly":[292],"predicts":[293],"lower":[297],"incidence,":[299],"neither":[301],"variable":[302,345],"emerges":[303],"conclusive":[307],"mediator":[308],"once":[313],"included":[316],"full":[319],"models.":[320],"Overall,":[321],"findings":[323],"stronger":[326],"robustly":[331],"output":[335],"worker":[337],"ASEAN,":[339],"even":[340],"after":[341],"lagging":[342],"explanatory":[344],"controlling":[347],"key":[349],"macro-structural":[350],"conditions.":[351],"support":[354],"interpretation":[356],"contribute":[360],"performance":[363],"not":[364],"only":[365],"through":[366,371],"welfare":[367],"improvement":[368],"productive":[373],"conditions":[374],"sustain":[376],"efficiency.":[378]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-03-23T00:00:00"}