{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138300058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","title":"Minimum sample size requirements for reliable correlation-regression modeling of surface roughness in milling","display_name":"Minimum sample size requirements for reliable correlation-regression modeling of surface roughness in milling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138300058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","pdf_url":"https://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov/download_article?id=42584&lang=en","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174556","display_name":"Metal Working and Material Science","issn_l":"1994-6309","issn":["1994-6309","2541-819X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I91727514","host_organization_name":"Novosibirsk State Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91727514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metal Working and Material Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov/download_article?id=42584&lang=en","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004770397","display_name":"\u0413\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-519X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-519X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27238560","display_name":"Pacific National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cjece29","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27238560"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail Gimadeev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-519X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27238560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004669198","display_name":"V. A. Stelmakov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-1956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-1956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27238560","display_name":"Pacific National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cjece29","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27238560"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vadim Stelmakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-1956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27238560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116234293","display_name":"Maksim Uliskov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9858-423X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9858-423X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27238560","display_name":"Pacific National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cjece29","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27238560"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maksim Uliskov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9858-423X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27238560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27238560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"64","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11451","display_name":"Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-sample-size","display_name":"minimum sample size","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milling","display_name":"milling","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-regression-model","display_name":"correlation-regression model","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rsk","display_name":"RSK","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rz","display_name":"Rz","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rt","display_name":"RT","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fisher-s-z-transformation","display_name":"Fisher's z-transformation","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicollinearity","display_name":"multicollinearity","score":0.9259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.6984000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189285262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332350","display_name":"Multicollinearity","level":3,"score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.588100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.5752999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5421000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151620405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826116","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3776487","display_name":"Statistical parameter","level":2,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152732102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13434396","display_name":"Variance inflation factor","level":4,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102094743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133871","display_name":"Normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106192678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419761","display_name":"Collinearity","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777625669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645991","display_name":"Surface metrology","level":4,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523214423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192047","display_name":"Machining","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101104100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063540","display_name":"Heteroscedasticity","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","pdf_url":"https://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov/download_article?id=42584&lang=en","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174556","display_name":"Metal Working and Material Science","issn_l":"1994-6309","issn":["1994-6309","2541-819X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I91727514","host_organization_name":"Novosibirsk State Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91727514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metal Working and Material Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-64-80","pdf_url":"https://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov/download_article?id=42584&lang=en","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174556","display_name":"Metal Working and Material Science","issn_l":"1994-6309","issn":["1994-6309","2541-819X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I91727514","host_organization_name":"Novosibirsk State Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91727514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metal Working and Material Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138300058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138300058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034943576","https://openalex.org/W2044506241","https://openalex.org/W2070989023","https://openalex.org/W2089249762","https://openalex.org/W2294096789","https://openalex.org/W2794268718","https://openalex.org/W2887537248","https://openalex.org/W2907769055","https://openalex.org/W3029134168","https://openalex.org/W3035360721","https://openalex.org/W4205189464","https://openalex.org/W4205378406","https://openalex.org/W4224299145","https://openalex.org/W4285005383","https://openalex.org/W4327977671","https://openalex.org/W4392002114","https://openalex.org/W4401029460","https://openalex.org/W4401058995","https://openalex.org/W4407150294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312620487","https://openalex.org/W2805163711","https://openalex.org/W4400041735","https://openalex.org/W94452020","https://openalex.org/W7098138085","https://openalex.org/W2510840206","https://openalex.org/W1975999150","https://openalex.org/W2187671237","https://openalex.org/W2356626172","https://openalex.org/W4403894590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction.":[0],"Investigating":[1],"the":[2,16,38,43,46,49,52,76,89,92,96,107,121,131,140,146,152,155,161,234,257,260,266,277,287,305,315,318,321,326,329,332],"statistical":[3,104,182],"relationships":[4,204,288],"between":[5,91,300],"milling":[6,97,127],"parameters":[7,21,24,94,201,213],"and":[8,22,42,99,109,134,166,185,189,223,282,291,302,304,320,340],"surface":[9,61,100,115,122],"roughness":[10,62,101,123,200],"requires":[11],"a":[12,72,225,242,284,297],"correct":[13],"selection":[14,258],"of":[15,32,40,45,51,55,66,95,106,113,120,154,193,233,237,244,251,259,286,307,314,317,323,331],"sample":[17,78,176,228,267],"size,":[18],"as":[19],"amplitude":[20,199,280,310],"form":[23],"respond":[25],"differently":[26],"to":[27,70,81,269],"data":[28],"limitations.":[29],"The":[30,64,118,173,191,230,312],"reliability":[31,105],"correlation-regression":[33,85],"analysis":[34,192,295],"depends":[35],"on":[36],"meeting":[37],"assumptions":[39],"normality":[41,119,316],"stability":[44],"estimates,":[47],"making":[48],"determination":[50],"minimum":[53,77,174,235],"number":[54,236,243],"observations":[56,238],"essential":[57],"for":[58,74,241,279,289],"constructing":[59],"reliable":[60],"models.":[63],"purpose":[65],"this":[67],"work":[68],"is":[69],"develop":[71],"methodology":[73],"estimating":[75],"size":[79,177,268],"required":[80,175],"build":[82],"statistically":[83],"significant":[84],"models":[86,157],"that":[87,198,240],"describe":[88],"relationship":[90],"technological":[93,141],"process":[98],"characteristics,":[102],"ensuring":[103],"results":[108],"enabling":[110],"accurate":[111],"prediction":[112],"machined":[114],"quality.":[116],"Methodology.":[117],"parameter":[124,263],"distributions":[125,319],"after":[126],"was":[128,143,158,178],"assessed":[129],"using":[130,145,160],"Shapiro\u2013Wilk,":[132],"Anderson\u2013Darling,":[133],"Pearson's":[135],"chi-squared":[136],"tests.":[137],"Multicollinearity":[138],"among":[139,325],"factors":[142,327],"analyzed":[144],"variance":[147],"inflation":[148],"factor":[149],"(VIF),":[150],"while":[151,210],"adequacy":[153],"regression":[156,334],"verified":[159],"mean":[162,168],"absolute":[163],"error":[164,170,342],"(MAE)":[165],"root":[167],"square":[169],"(RMSE)":[171],"metrics.":[172],"determined":[179],"by":[180,218],"considering":[181],"test":[183],"power":[184],"Fisher's":[186],"z-transformation.":[187],"Results":[188],"discussions.":[190],"pairwise":[194],"correlation":[195,294],"coefficients":[196],"revealed":[197],"exhibit":[202],"stable":[203],"even":[205],"at":[206],"n":[207,270],"=":[208,271],"16,":[209],"profile":[211],"shape":[212],"(Rsk,":[214],"Rku)":[215],"are":[216,253],"characterized":[217],"weak":[219],"or":[220],"negative":[221],"correlations":[222,278],"require":[224],"substantially":[226],"larger":[227],"size.":[229],"constructed":[231,333],"matrix":[232],"confirms":[239],"relationships,":[245],"especially":[246],"those":[247],"involving":[248],"Rsk,":[249],"hundreds":[250],"measurements":[252],"necessary,":[254],"which":[255,336],"justifies":[256],"most":[261],"informative":[262],"combinations.":[264],"Increasing":[265],"128":[272],"reduces":[273],"estimation":[274],"bias,":[275],"stabilizes":[276],"parameters,":[281],"reveals":[283],"weakening":[285],"Rsk":[290,308],"Rku.":[292],"Rank":[293],"confirmed":[296],"monotonic":[298],"dependence":[299],"Rz":[301],"Rt":[303],"independence":[306],"from":[309],"characteristics.":[311],"verification":[313],"absence":[322],"multicollinearity":[324],"ensured":[328],"validity":[330],"models,":[335],"demonstrated":[337],"high":[338],"accuracy":[339],"consistent":[341],"behavior.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}