{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135341900","doi":null,"title":"\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646","display_name":"\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135341900"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz:112/5613","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/handle/112/5613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922607","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t Institutionnel de lUniversit\u00e9 de Tlemcen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059403405","display_name":"Naima Amara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amara, Naima","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059403405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12669","display_name":"Comparative International Legal Studies","score":0.8403000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12669","display_name":"Comparative International Legal Studies","score":0.8403000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.15629999339580536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precautionary-principle","display_name":"precautionary principle","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-liability","display_name":"professional liability","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-law","display_name":"environmental law","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection","display_name":"environmental protection","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precautionary-approach","display_name":"precautionary approach","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact-assessment","display_name":"environmental impact assessment","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-damage-prevention","display_name":"environmental damage prevention","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz:112/5613","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/handle/112/5613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922607","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t Institutionnel de lUniversit\u00e9 de Tlemcen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203683797","https://openalex.org/W7128507085","https://openalex.org/W4312324485","https://openalex.org/W7150978650","https://openalex.org/W2320899912","https://openalex.org/W2046036425","https://openalex.org/W4387041269","https://openalex.org/W3103305887","https://openalex.org/W4386190702","https://openalex.org/W7139376775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0639\u0631\u0641":[0,17],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[1,108,130],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629":[2,109,131],"\u0641\u064a":[3,10,59,110,123,128],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629":[5],"\u062a\u0637\u0648":[6],"\u0627":[7,89,103],"\u0631":[8],"\u0649\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627":[9],"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0649\u064a\u0645\u0648":[11],"\u060c":[12,29,33,39,69,137],"\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646":[13],"\u0649\u0630\u0627":[14],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[15],"\u0642\u062f":[16],"\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629":[18,42,56],"\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649":[19],"\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a":[20,46],"\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632":[21],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062f":[22],"\u062d\u0648\u0644":[23],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[24],"\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a":[25],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629:":[26],"\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647":[27],"\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631":[30],"\u0648":[31,35,37,61,97,133],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a":[32],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621":[38],"\u062b\u0645":[40,54],"\u062a\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627":[41,55],"\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649":[43],"\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0629":[44],"\u0644\u064a\u0627":[45],"\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631":[47],"\u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627":[48],"\u0645\u062d\u0627":[49],"\u0631\u0628\u0629":[50],"\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631":[51],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f":[52],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c":[53],"\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629":[57],"\u0638\u064a\u0631\u062a":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a":[60],"\u0649\u064a":[62,134],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[63],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[64,91],"\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[67],")\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629":[68],"\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629":[70],"\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629":[71],"\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629...(":[72],"\u060c\u0639\u0645\u0645\u0627":[73],"\u0623\u0646\u0651":[74],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f":[75],"\u0649\u0630\u0647":[76],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629":[77],"\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0648":[78],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632":[79],"\u0639\u0645\u0649":[80,118],"\u0645\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645":[81],"\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0645\u064a\u0629":[82],"\u0625\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629":[83],"\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629":[84],"\u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627":[85],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629":[86],"\u0645\u0646":[87,95,106],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636":[88],"\u0631\u0631":[90],"\u062a\u0645\u0651":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0645\u064a":[94],"\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0649\u0627.":[96],"\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629":[99],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629":[100],"\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f":[101],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0628":[102],"\u0631\u0644\u064a":[104],"\u0643\u0627\u0646":[105],"\u0648\u0636\u0639":[107],"\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648":[111],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a":[112],"\u0648\u0649\u0648":[113],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a":[115],"\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0624":[117],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649":[119],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628":[120],"\u0623\u0648":[121],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f":[122],"\u062d\u064a\u0646":[124],"\u062f\u0639\u0645":[125],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626":[126],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629":[127],"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631":[129],"\u0623\u0644\u0627":[132],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629":[136],"\u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[138],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2026-03-14T00:00:00"}