{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135286337","doi":null,"title":"PCE Contamination From Manufacturing Impurity","display_name":"PCE Contamination From Manufacturing Impurity","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135286337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:20.500.14394/43570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/43570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010636553","display_name":"Valerie Lane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lane, Valerie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108124073","display_name":"James S. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2258-8327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2258-8327"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smith, James S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13793","display_name":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","score":0.350600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13793","display_name":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","score":0.350600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.19460000097751617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.10620000213384628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetrachloroethylene","display_name":"tetrachloroethylene","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichloroethylene","display_name":"trichloroethylene","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorinated-solvents","display_name":"chlorinated solvents","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1-2-dichloroethane","display_name":"1,2-dichloroethane","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-contamination","display_name":"groundwater contamination","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/litigation","display_name":"litigation","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71987851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7216430","display_name":"Impurity","level":2,"score":0.7957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.7608000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.7261999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188596812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003183","display_name":"Boiling point","level":2,"score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909937950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426809","display_name":"Chlorinated solvents","level":3,"score":0.5654000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40875361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356542","display_name":"Reagent","level":2,"score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56819118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27084","display_name":"Parts-per notation","level":2,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73522102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648382","display_name":"Vacuum distillation","level":3,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107211472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284486","display_name":"Human decontamination","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157777378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41716","display_name":"Boiling","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151313","display_name":"Ethylene","level":3,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781338088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903495","display_name":"Residue (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987875673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing process","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:20.500.14394/43570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/43570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152994098","https://openalex.org/W1817299498","https://openalex.org/W2275806893","https://openalex.org/W7095149405","https://openalex.org/W2033749297","https://openalex.org/W117588917","https://openalex.org/W7101114628","https://openalex.org/W2046661146","https://openalex.org/W1601774972","https://openalex.org/W1591776852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manufacturing":[0],"impurities":[1,39],"in":[2,13,19,40,87,134,147,155,166,221,244,255,264,276],"chlorinated":[3,43,56],"solvents":[4,16,44,57],"have":[5,59],"been":[6,60],"considered":[7],"to":[8,62,80,190,213],"be":[9,211,253],"sources":[10],"of":[11,22,66,70,105,120,142,158,163,175,194,268],"contamination":[12],"groundwater.":[14,167,256],"Chlorinated":[15],"are":[17,261],"manufactured":[18,61,72,97,278],"a":[20,63,118,127,181,218,228,239],"variety":[21],"grades;":[23],"the":[24,83,99,131,152,161,164,173,191,223,266,269,277],"technical":[25,41,84,88,156,232],"grade":[26,42,79,89,233],"is":[27,49,130,137,150,160,170,187,204,217,242,271],"used":[28],"at":[29,200],"many":[30],"industrial":[31],"and":[32,46,107,114,259],"manufacturing":[33,38,240],"facilities.":[34],"Compounds":[35],"present":[36,237,243,262],"as":[37,93,238],"vary,":[45],"their":[47],"quantity":[48],"extremely":[50],"small":[51,246],"or":[52,231],"not":[53,252,273],"measurable,":[54],"because":[55,193],"historically":[58],"high":[64],"degree":[65],"purity.":[67],"The":[68,144],"purity":[69],"currently":[71],"TCE":[73,124,159,260],"ranges":[74],"from":[75,126,180,227],"99.9%":[76],"for":[77,82],"reagent":[78],"98.0%":[81],"grade.":[85],"Impurities":[86],"1,2-dichloroethane,":[90],"also":[91],"known":[92],"ethylene":[94],"dichloride":[95],"(EDC),":[96],"within":[98],"last":[100],"10":[101],"years":[102],"with":[103],"purities":[104],"99.9991%":[106],"99.9955%":[108],"contained":[109],"PCE":[110,153,165,186,216,258,270],"between":[111],"about":[112],"0.0001%":[113],"0.0006%,":[115],"respectively.":[116],"In":[117],"number":[119],"litigation":[121],"cases":[122,149],"where":[123,185],"released":[125],"vapor":[128,229],"degreaser":[129,230],"major":[132],"contaminant":[133],"groundwater,":[135,265],"there":[136],"an":[138,274],"accompanying":[139],"minor":[140],"concentration":[141],"PCE.":[143],"assumption":[145,169],"made":[146],"these":[148,176],"that":[151,209,215,248],"impurity":[154,220,275],"grades":[157],"source":[162,267],"This":[168],"based":[171],"on":[172],"release":[174],"two":[177],"compounds":[178],"together":[179,263],"distillation":[182,224],"bottom":[183],"residue":[184],"concentrated,":[188],"relative":[189],"TCE,":[192],"its":[195],"much":[196],"higher":[197],"boiling":[198],"point":[199],"atmospheric":[201],"pressure.":[202],"There":[203],"no":[205],"peer":[206],"reviewed":[207],"literature":[208],"can":[210],"cited":[212],"prove":[214],"significant":[219,249],"either":[222],"bottoms":[225],"produced":[226],"TCE.":[234,279],"PCE,":[235],"if":[236],"impurity,":[241],"such":[245],"amounts":[247],"concentrations":[250],"would":[251],"generated":[254],"When":[257],"likely":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-03-14T00:00:00"}
