{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135073746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","title":"Effects of simulated redox cycles on trace metal release in a red paddy soil profile enriched with Fe-Mn nodules from China","display_name":"Effects of simulated redox cycles on trace metal release in a red paddy soil profile enriched with Fe-Mn nodules from China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135073746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201473135","display_name":"Geoderma","issn_l":"0016-7061","issn":["0016-7061","1872-6259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geoderma","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040152221","display_name":"Xiaoquan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3649-9212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3649-9212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148261361","display_name":"Institut de physique du globe de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/004gzqz66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I148261361","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoquan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 \u2013 Institut de Physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3649-9212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 \u2013 Institut de Physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I148261361","https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052814919","display_name":"Damien Guinoiseau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-0878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-0878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146095","display_name":"Geosciences Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03s92mv58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210146095"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Damien Guinoiseau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, CNRS, UMR8148 GEOPS, 91400 Orsay, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-0878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, CNRS, UMR8148 GEOPS, 91400 Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210146095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044348959","display_name":"Marc Fabien Benedetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-8205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-8205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148261361","display_name":"Institut de physique du globe de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/004gzqz66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I148261361","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc F. Benedetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 \u2013 Institut de Physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 \u2013 Institut de Physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I148261361","https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051298708","display_name":"Zongling Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-7897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-7897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zongling Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-7897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051298708","https://openalex.org/A5052814919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210146095"],"apc_list":{"value":3320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3320},"apc_paid":{"value":3320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3320},"fwci":1.6266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77958748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"468","issue":null,"first_page":"117748","last_page":"117748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10710","display_name":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13793","display_name":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redox-cycling","display_name":"redox cycling","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-metal-mobility","display_name":"trace metal mobility","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fe-mn-nodules","display_name":"Fe-Mn nodules","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-paddy-soil","display_name":"red paddy soil","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potentially-toxic-elements","display_name":"potentially toxic elements","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arsenic-speciation","display_name":"arsenic speciation","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-vi-oxidation","display_name":"chromium(VI) oxidation","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-profile","display_name":"soil profile","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-organic-matter","display_name":"dissolved organic matter","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphate-competition","display_name":"phosphate competition","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-contamination-risk","display_name":"soil contamination risk","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7021999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778566039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7831165","display_name":"Trace metal","level":3,"score":0.7006000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.6723999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55904794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682","display_name":"Redox","level":2,"score":0.618399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5489000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58395597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17127302","display_name":"Red soil","level":3,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65580899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734","display_name":"Soil contamination","level":3,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50516716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107","display_name":"Soil test","level":3,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34682378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351792","display_name":"Trace element","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152494472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386963","display_name":"Soil classification","level":3,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85582077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842623","display_name":"Paddy field","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201473135","display_name":"Geoderma","issn_l":"0016-7061","issn":["0016-7061","1872-6259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geoderma","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05729657v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05729657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geoderma, 2026, 468, pp.117748. ⟨10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a520b4edbb764104b19de92cbe8c40b3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a520b4edbb764104b19de92cbe8c40b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geoderma, Vol 468, Iss , Pp 117748- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201473135","display_name":"Geoderma","issn_l":"0016-7061","issn":["0016-7061","1872-6259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geoderma","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1468615153","https://openalex.org/W1974657391","https://openalex.org/W1977412442","https://openalex.org/W1979737424","https://openalex.org/W1985076777","https://openalex.org/W1985233885","https://openalex.org/W1986363891","https://openalex.org/W1992203466","https://openalex.org/W1994228237","https://openalex.org/W1994266811","https://openalex.org/W1995338674","https://openalex.org/W1998509821","https://openalex.org/W2006923080","https://openalex.org/W2012830859","https://openalex.org/W2014793051","https://openalex.org/W2019199623","https://openalex.org/W2020570597","https://openalex.org/W2024302891","https://openalex.org/W2027723282","https://openalex.org/W2030036180","https://openalex.org/W2035011229","https://openalex.org/W2035413917","https://openalex.org/W2048572022","https://openalex.org/W2048787345","https://openalex.org/W2060711148","https://openalex.org/W2064351615","https://openalex.org/W2065205807","https://openalex.org/W2072952697","https://openalex.org/W2081715682","https://openalex.org/W2083798318","https://openalex.org/W2090866268","https://openalex.org/W2090899887","https://openalex.org/W2091717378","https://openalex.org/W2095539356","https://openalex.org/W2123479006","https://openalex.org/W2132216331","https://openalex.org/W2172110645","https://openalex.org/W2183252995","https://openalex.org/W2294152972","https://openalex.org/W2294566396","https://openalex.org/W2308522790","https://openalex.org/W2397998523","https://openalex.org/W2434572260","https://openalex.org/W2577654310","https://openalex.org/W2592977768","https://openalex.org/W2597505989","https://openalex.org/W2604370327","https://openalex.org/W2734925744","https://openalex.org/W2743366416","https://openalex.org/W2752575829","https://openalex.org/W2781185588","https://openalex.org/W2799476812","https://openalex.org/W2902149331","https://openalex.org/W2913719881","https://openalex.org/W2945140772","https://openalex.org/W2949617416","https://openalex.org/W2985411447","https://openalex.org/W2985767552","https://openalex.org/W3001494817","https://openalex.org/W3002228193","https://openalex.org/W3014392455","https://openalex.org/W3021463150","https://openalex.org/W3098338075","https://openalex.org/W3161211269","https://openalex.org/W3201346350","https://openalex.org/W3211720298","https://openalex.org/W4280545810","https://openalex.org/W4289731989","https://openalex.org/W4291900958","https://openalex.org/W4298002019","https://openalex.org/W4306155206","https://openalex.org/W4321331865","https://openalex.org/W4377116042","https://openalex.org/W4390457493","https://openalex.org/W4396980164","https://openalex.org/W4400096425","https://openalex.org/W4401577058","https://openalex.org/W4416423476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128224811","https://openalex.org/W6976990936","https://openalex.org/W7128675634","https://openalex.org/W2123479006","https://openalex.org/W2294566396","https://openalex.org/W2065205807","https://openalex.org/W2069118281","https://openalex.org/W4206525578","https://openalex.org/W4411265256","https://openalex.org/W7154037216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Redox":[0],"fluctuations":[1],"strongly":[2],"influence":[3],"the":[4,15,38,131,190,206,239,244,250,256],"mobility":[5],"of":[6,17,41,116,192,241,246,258,271],"potentially":[7],"toxic":[8],"elements":[9,19],"(PTEs)":[10],"in":[11,25,138,194,215],"paddy":[12,54,273],"soils.":[13,274],"However,":[14],"behavior":[16],"these":[18],"on":[20,260],"a":[21,51,113,119,261],"profile":[22,56,262],"scale,":[23,263],"particularly":[24],"soils":[26],"enriched":[27,137],"with":[28,264],"Fe-Mn":[29],"nodules":[30],"(FMNs),":[31],"remains":[32,179],"poorly":[33,143],"understood.":[34],"This":[35],"study":[36],"investigated":[37],"redox-driven":[39],"mobilization":[40,257],"As,":[42],"Cd,":[43,153],"Cr,":[44,170],"Cu,":[45,151],"Ni,":[46,169],"Pb,":[47],"and":[48,72,84,88,100,118,142,154,171,230,249,269],"Zn":[49],"along":[50],"FMN-rich":[52],"red":[53,272],"soil":[55],"from":[57,228],"Southern":[58],"China":[59],"using":[60],"controlled":[61],"oxic-anoxic":[62],"incubation":[63],"experiments.":[64],"The":[65,91],"release":[66],"mechanisms":[67],"under":[68,159,212],"contrasting":[69],"redox":[70,176,242],"conditions":[71,161],"durations":[73],"were":[74],"elucidated":[75],"by":[76],"integrating":[77],"chemical":[78],"extraction":[79],"(CBD),":[80],"mineralogical":[81],"characterization":[82],"(XRD":[83],"XANES),":[85],"solution":[86],"chemistry,":[87],"aqueous":[89],"speciation.":[90],"results":[92,236],"show":[93],"that":[94,238],"most":[95],"PTEs":[96,259],"are":[97,101,136,156],"geologically":[98],"sourced":[99],"predominantly":[102],"incorporated":[103],"into":[104],"aluminosilicates,":[105],"exhibiting":[106],"generally":[107],"low":[108],"mobility.":[109,150],"FMNs,":[110],"which":[111,135],"have":[112],"high":[114],"degree":[115],"crystallinity":[117],"compact":[120],"structure,":[121],"act":[122],"as":[123,224,226],"stable,":[124],"long-term":[125],"reservoirs":[126],"for":[127,266],"PTE.":[128],"In":[129],"contrast,":[130],"surrounding":[132],"surface":[133,216],"soils,":[134],"reactive":[139],"organic":[140,232,247],"matter":[141,233],"crystalline":[144],"Fe":[145],"oxides,":[146],"exhibit":[147,173],"higher":[148],"PTE":[149],"Zn,":[152],"Pb":[155],"primarily":[157],"released":[158],"oxic":[160,198],"but":[162],"remain":[163],"below":[164],"WHO":[165],"drinking":[166],"water":[167],"thresholds.":[168],"As":[172],"more":[174],"complex":[175],"responses.":[177],"Cr":[178],"largely":[180],"immobile":[181],"due":[182,218],"to":[183,219,222],"Cr-Fe":[184],"co-precipitates;":[185],"however,":[186],"speciation":[187],"modeling":[188],"indicates":[189],"occurrence":[191],"Cr(VI)":[193],"deeper":[195],"horizons":[196],"during":[197],"phases":[199],"via":[200],"Mn":[201],"oxide-mediated":[202],"oxidation.":[203],"Arsenic":[204],"exhibits":[205],"highest":[207],"mobility,":[208],"reaching":[209],"\u223c500":[210],"\u00b5g/L":[211],"prolonged":[213],"anoxia":[214],"horizons,":[217],"As(V)":[220],"reduction":[221],"As(III),":[223],"well":[225],"competition":[227],"phosphate":[229],"dissolved":[231],"(DOM).":[234],"These":[235],"demonstrate":[237],"duration":[240],"processes,":[243],"reactivity":[245],"matter,":[248],"interplay":[251],"between":[252],"minerals":[253],"collectively":[254],"govern":[255],"implications":[265],"risk":[267],"assessment":[268],"management":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}