{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135032001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","title":"Reconceptualizing ANKUM\u2019s Role in Military Discipline: A Normative and Comparative Reassessment of Command Authority and Justice","display_name":"Reconceptualizing ANKUM\u2019s Role in Military Discipline: A Normative and Comparative Reassessment of Command Authority and Justice","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135032001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","pdf_url":"https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/article/download/33722/12751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167845","display_name":"Jambura Law Review","issn_l":"2654-9255","issn":["2654-9255","2656-0461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404664026","host_organization_name":"State University of Gorontalo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404664026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Gorontalo"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jambura Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/article/download/33722/12751","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114906922","display_name":"Destri Prasetyoandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91819753","display_name":"Padjadjaran University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqf8t64","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91819753"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Destri Prasetyoandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Padjadjaran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Padjadjaran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91819753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006115442","display_name":"Lies Sulistiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-9453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-9453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91819753","display_name":"Padjadjaran University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqf8t64","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91819753"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lies Sulistiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Padjadjaran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Padjadjaran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91819753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021797036","display_name":"Elis Teti RUSMIATI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-0179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-0179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91819753","display_name":"Padjadjaran University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqf8t64","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91819753"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elis Rusmiati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Padjadjaran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Padjadjaran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91819753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025916503","display_name":"Karem Sayed Aboelazm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-1114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-1114"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karem Sayed Aboelazm","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Arab Emirates University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Arab Emirates University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":65.4491,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99875229,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"125","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.4350999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.4350999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.4180000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.060600001364946365,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankum","display_name":"Ankum","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-discipline","display_name":"military discipline","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disciplinary-authority","display_name":"disciplinary authority","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesian-national-armed-forces","display_name":"Indonesian National Armed Forces","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-justice","display_name":"military justice","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/command-responsibility","display_name":"command responsibility","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretionary-power","display_name":"discretionary power","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-accountability","display_name":"institutional accountability","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-safeguards","display_name":"procedural guarantees","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-military-relations","display_name":"civil-military relations","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-reform","display_name":"military reform","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-readiness","display_name":"operational readiness","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-cohesion","display_name":"unit cohesion","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6696000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.652400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.5916000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780564088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3149193","display_name":"Impartiality","level":2,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779149496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442100","display_name":"Procedural justice","level":3,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183763965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603959","display_name":"Proportionality (law)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43349283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6857699","display_name":"Military medical ethics","level":3,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9370542","display_name":"Normative social influence","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527571333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28737","display_name":"Military justice","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777745021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646102","display_name":"Consequentialism","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179958297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456974","display_name":"Obedience","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198626708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321845","display_name":"Normative ethics","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","pdf_url":"https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/article/download/33722/12751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167845","display_name":"Jambura Law Review","issn_l":"2654-9255","issn":["2654-9255","2656-0461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404664026","host_organization_name":"State University of Gorontalo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404664026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Gorontalo"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jambura Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722","pdf_url":"https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/article/download/33722/12751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167845","display_name":"Jambura Law Review","issn_l":"2654-9255","issn":["2654-9255","2656-0461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404664026","host_organization_name":"State University of Gorontalo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404664026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Gorontalo"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jambura Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7135032001.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7135032001.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2484398629","https://openalex.org/W2490778819","https://openalex.org/W2494073744","https://openalex.org/W2519525724","https://openalex.org/W2609521770","https://openalex.org/W2782038467","https://openalex.org/W2803601748","https://openalex.org/W2883225460","https://openalex.org/W2890441355","https://openalex.org/W2904616917","https://openalex.org/W2925211182","https://openalex.org/W2980358337","https://openalex.org/W2998811811","https://openalex.org/W3113230428","https://openalex.org/W3161283658","https://openalex.org/W3162055833","https://openalex.org/W3195408763","https://openalex.org/W3201826888","https://openalex.org/W4226525193","https://openalex.org/W4239440843","https://openalex.org/W4241849195","https://openalex.org/W4281628215","https://openalex.org/W4283258096","https://openalex.org/W4283273207","https://openalex.org/W4283278394","https://openalex.org/W4307961721","https://openalex.org/W4308329686","https://openalex.org/W4360592086","https://openalex.org/W4362541134","https://openalex.org/W4366524837","https://openalex.org/W4390143489","https://openalex.org/W4391064596","https://openalex.org/W4402000296","https://openalex.org/W4405436150","https://openalex.org/W4409982094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386074379","https://openalex.org/W4405436150","https://openalex.org/W7171649239","https://openalex.org/W7001190255","https://openalex.org/W7161060108","https://openalex.org/W7167896082","https://openalex.org/W7084064427","https://openalex.org/W4405332814","https://openalex.org/W3106221898","https://openalex.org/W4401705685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,110,139],"enforcement":[1,182],"of":[2,16,116,153,180],"military":[3,95,146,192],"discipline":[4,147],"is":[5],"essential":[6],"to":[7,37],"operational":[8,187],"readiness;":[9],"however,":[10],"the":[11,20,102,107,114,178,197],"normative":[12,54,82,122],"and":[13,56,88,106,130,177,186,194,207],"ethical":[14,52,131,159,170,209],"foundations":[15],"disciplinary":[17,62,96,181],"authority":[18],"within":[19,211],"Indonesian":[21,94],"National":[22],"Armed":[23],"Forces":[24],"(TNI)":[25],"remain":[26],"insufficiently":[27],"examined.":[28],"Existing":[29],"scholarship":[30],"largely":[31],"treats":[32],"ANKUM":[33,120],"(Superior":[34],"Officers":[35],"Authorized":[36],"Impose":[38],"Punishment)":[39],"as":[40,59,150,157],"a":[41,47,60,81,200],"procedural":[42,128],"or":[43],"administrative":[44],"mechanism,":[45],"leaving":[46],"significant":[48],"gap":[49,68],"concerning":[50],"its":[51,75],"legitimacy,":[53],"coherence,":[55],"institutional":[57,174],"accountability":[58,175],"command-based":[61],"authority.":[63],"This":[64],"article":[65,198],"addresses":[66],"that":[67,113,203],"by":[69],"critically":[70],"reassessing":[71],"ANKUM\u2019s":[72],"role":[73],"beyond":[74],"formal":[76],"legal":[77,205],"mandate.":[78],"By":[79],"employing":[80],"juridical":[83],"method":[84],"combined":[85],"with":[86,137,183],"conceptual":[87],"comparative":[89,191],"approaches,":[90],"this":[91],"study":[92],"examines":[93],"law":[97],"alongside":[98],"selected":[99],"models":[100],"from":[101],"United":[103,108],"Kingdom,":[104],"Australia,":[105],"States.":[109],"analysis":[111],"demonstrates":[112],"concentration":[115],"discretionary":[117],"power":[118],"in":[119,133,144,162,172,190],"generates":[121],"vulnerabilities,":[123],"including":[124],"inconsistent":[125],"enforcement,":[126],"limited":[127],"safeguards,":[129],"tension":[132],"balancing":[134],"command":[135,163,210],"loyalty":[136],"justice.":[138],"article\u2019s":[140],"original":[141],"contribution":[142],"lies":[143],"reconceptualizing":[145],"not":[148],"merely":[149],"an":[151,158],"instrument":[152],"hierarchical":[154],"control,":[155],"but":[156],"institution":[160],"inherent":[161],"responsibility,":[164],"operationalized":[165],"through":[166],"three":[167],"analytical":[168],"dimensions:":[169],"proportionality":[171],"sanctioning,":[173],"mechanisms,":[176],"alignment":[179],"unit":[184],"cohesion":[185],"readiness.":[188],"Grounded":[189],"justice":[193],"moral":[195],"philosophy,":[196],"proposes":[199],"reform-oriented":[201],"framework":[202],"enhances":[204],"legitimacy":[206],"strengthens":[208],"democratic":[212],"civil\u2013military":[213],"relations":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}
