{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134887740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001","title":"Alternatives to Paying Efficiency Wages: Why No PEOPLEFAX?","display_name":"Alternatives to Paying Efficiency Wages: Why No PEOPLEFAX?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134887740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6381001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038689923","display_name":"Robert Tucker Omberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-4077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-4077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Tucker Omberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University","George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038689923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.6772000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.6772000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.11330000311136246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.05040000006556511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficiency-wages","display_name":"efficiency wages","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shirking","display_name":"shirking","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personnel-records","display_name":"personnel records","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-feedback","display_name":"employee feedback","score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-regulation","display_name":"labor market regulation","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6968784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193835","display_name":"Efficiency wage","level":3,"score":0.6547999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6459000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.6251999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17058676","display_name":"Involuntary unemployment","level":3,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777358941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667944","display_name":"Temporary work","level":3,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13110393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156251","display_name":"Compensating differential","level":5,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16057445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44494","display_name":"Mill","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628967","display_name":"Labour law","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777885895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932544","display_name":"Real wages","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993469481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Job loss","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6381001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6381001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6381001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576107970","https://openalex.org/W2495368365","https://openalex.org/W1980071740","https://openalex.org/W2073138077","https://openalex.org/W2024810644","https://openalex.org/W2020635072","https://openalex.org/W7098649294","https://openalex.org/W2091590297","https://openalex.org/W2168115197","https://openalex.org/W3133882638"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}