{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134886090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389","title":"Intradiscal Nucleus Pulposus Allograft Versus Sham Procedure in Patients with Lumbar Discogenic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial","display_name":"Intradiscal Nucleus Pulposus Allograft Versus Sham Procedure in Patients with Lumbar Discogenic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134886090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15218389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011209570","display_name":"Paul Verrills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4191-7441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4191-7441"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Verrills","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metro Pain Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4191-7441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metro Pain Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042548107","display_name":"Vahid Mohabbati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6198-3930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6198-3930"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Mohabbati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sydney Pain Day Surgery"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6198-3930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sydney Pain Day Surgery","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128729043","display_name":"James Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108821","display_name":"Prince of Wales Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/022arq532","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108821"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114914","display_name":"Prince of Wales Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02827ca86","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294586568","https://openalex.org/I4210114914"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince of Wales Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince of Wales Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108821","https://openalex.org/I4210114914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128793664","display_name":"Matthew Green","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["PainMedSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PainMedSA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026540073","display_name":"D. Bates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-4892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-4892"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Bates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metro Pain Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metro Pain Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062679030","display_name":"Harrison Mihailidis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harrison Mihailidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metro Pain Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metro Pain Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128774856","display_name":"Marc Russo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunter Pain Specialists"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunter Pain Specialists","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011209570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11977063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"8389","last_page":"8389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intradiscal-injection","display_name":"intradiscal injection","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discogenic-low-back-pain","display_name":"discogenic low back pain","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-low-back-pain","display_name":"chronic low back pain","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"crossover","score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oswestry-disability-index","display_name":"Oswestry Disability Index","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervertebral-disc-degeneration","display_name":"intervertebral disc degeneration","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regenerative-therapy","display_name":"regenerative therapy","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy-and-safety","display_name":"treatment efficacy and safety","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-observation-carried-forward","display_name":"last observation carried forward","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9642000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852163","display_name":"Low back pain","level":3,"score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.6298999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.5993000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775998654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11751687","display_name":"Oswestry Disability Index","level":4,"score":0.59579998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111278954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069312","display_name":"Minimal clinically important difference","level":3,"score":0.5860999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776501849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5781808","display_name":"Back pain","level":3,"score":0.5806000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110586980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4168588","display_name":"Provocation test","level":3,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778051963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11773731","display_name":"Degenerative disc disease","level":3,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2561634","display_name":"Radicular pain","level":3,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779835254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405478","display_name":"Lumbar vertebrae","level":3,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018239782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502781","display_name":"Intervertebral disk","level":3,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113","display_name":"Chronic pain","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207721201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2016936","display_name":"Referred pain","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15218389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6327741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6327741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6327741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15218389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546275733","https://openalex.org/W1843689863","https://openalex.org/W1970982790","https://openalex.org/W1979285610","https://openalex.org/W2007409332","https://openalex.org/W2015869069","https://openalex.org/W2015986868","https://openalex.org/W2024695172","https://openalex.org/W2031630422","https://openalex.org/W2048054700","https://openalex.org/W2061974517","https://openalex.org/W2072936530","https://openalex.org/W2081386972","https://openalex.org/W2084587930","https://openalex.org/W2085313497","https://openalex.org/W2107026277","https://openalex.org/W2136186538","https://openalex.org/W2137504305","https://openalex.org/W2790410554","https://openalex.org/W2983415128","https://openalex.org/W3125453455","https://openalex.org/W3156394317","https://openalex.org/W3194956376","https://openalex.org/W4200172419","https://openalex.org/W4200586254","https://openalex.org/W4283267966","https://openalex.org/W4309197170","https://openalex.org/W4318068398","https://openalex.org/W4377263892","https://openalex.org/W4392916686","https://openalex.org/W4401019975","https://openalex.org/W4404726246","https://openalex.org/W4406526956","https://openalex.org/W4407357444","https://openalex.org/W4409221201","https://openalex.org/W4409265825","https://openalex.org/W4409986604","https://openalex.org/W4410784839","https://openalex.org/W4415375068","https://openalex.org/W4415626739","https://openalex.org/W4417197880","https://openalex.org/W7127897045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414472791","https://openalex.org/W4405028511","https://openalex.org/W7202396457","https://openalex.org/W7028017462","https://openalex.org/W4226366444","https://openalex.org/W4386041760","https://openalex.org/W3201482956","https://openalex.org/W4392009962","https://openalex.org/W7163653505","https://openalex.org/W7140089585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Chronic":[1],"lumbar":[2,45],"discogenic":[3,46,259],"pain":[4,40,47,70,141,261],"is":[5],"a":[6,18,28,65],"leading":[7],"cause":[8],"of":[9,17,22,62,106,130,135,164,198,244],"disability.":[10],"We":[11],"evaluated":[12],"the":[13,60,118,139,162,266,282,292],"efficacy":[14],"and":[15,132,217,238,284],"safety":[16],"single":[19],"intradiscal":[20],"injection":[21],"nucleus":[23],"pulposus":[24,251],"allograft":[25,52,84,131,237,252],"compared":[26,262],"with":[27,43,64,159,263],"sham":[29,113,136,166,241,264,272],"procedure.":[30],"Methods:":[31],"Randomized,":[32],"double-blind,":[33],"sham-controlled":[34],"superiority":[35,191],"trial":[36],"at":[37,75,86,121,214,221,276],"five":[38],"Australian":[39],"centers.":[41],"Adults":[42],"chronic":[44],"were":[48,92,109,125,173,210,247,288],"assigned":[49],"1:1":[50],"to":[51,83,95,151,186,291],"or":[53,229],"sham.":[54],"The":[55],"prespecified":[56],"primary":[57,294],"endpoint":[58,295],"was":[59],"proportion":[61],"participants":[63,108,137,167,200,273],"\u226530%":[66],"reduction":[67],"in":[68,193,234,258,265],"back":[69,140,260],"visual":[71],"analog":[72],"scale":[73],"(VAS)":[74],"6":[76,96,157,222],"months.":[77],"Sham":[78],"non-responders":[79],"could":[80],"cross":[81],"over":[82,275],"treatment":[85],"3":[87,116,215,226],"months;":[88],"their":[89,285],"3-month":[90,269],"values":[91,287],"carried":[93,100,289],"forward":[94,290],"months":[97,216,223,278],"(last":[98],"observation":[99],"forward,":[101],"LOCF).":[102],"Results:":[103],"A":[104],"total":[105],"121":[107],"randomized":[110],"(allograft":[111],"60,":[112],"61).":[114],"At":[115,156],"months,":[117,158,227],"last":[119],"visit":[120],"which":[122],"both":[123],"groups":[124],"fully":[126,267],"observed,":[127],"53%":[128,211],"(32/60)":[129],"5%":[133],"(3/60)":[134],"achieved":[138],"responder":[142,171,208],"threshold":[143],"(difference":[144,179],"48":[145],"percentage":[146,181],"points,":[147,182],"95%":[148,183],"CI":[149,184],"33":[150],"61;":[152],"p":[153,188],"<":[154,189],"0.001).":[155],"LOCF":[160],"for":[161],"55":[163],"61":[165],"who":[168],"crossed":[169,274],"over,":[170],"rates":[172,209],"60%":[174,218],"(36/60)":[175],"versus":[176,212,219],"1.6%":[177],"(1/61)":[178],"58":[180],"44":[185],"70;":[187],"0.001);":[190],"persisted":[192],"sensitivity":[194],"analyses":[195],"unless":[196],"\u226545%":[197],"crossover":[199],"would":[201],"have":[202],"responded":[203],"untreated.":[204],"Oswestry":[205],"Disability":[206],"Index":[207],"32%":[213],"31%":[220],"(LOCF).":[224],"Within":[225],"procedure-":[228],"product-related":[230],"adverse":[231],"events":[232,246],"occurred":[233],"6/60":[235],"(10%)":[236],"3/61":[239],"(5%)":[240],"participants;":[242],"two":[243],"these":[245],"serious.":[248],"Conclusions:":[249],"Nucleus":[250],"produced":[253],"large,":[254],"clinically":[255],"meaningful":[256],"reductions":[257],"observed":[268],"comparison.":[270],"Most":[271],"three":[277],"as":[279],"permitted":[280],"by":[281],"protocol,":[283],"three-month":[286],"6-month":[293],"analysis.":[296],"Registration:":[297],"NCT06615505.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}
