{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133136802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","title":"Predictive Modeling of NaOCl Dosage for Iron Removal in a Combined Aeration\u2013Oxidation System Using Gene Expression Programming","display_name":"Predictive Modeling of NaOCl Dosage for Iron Removal in a Combined Aeration\u2013Oxidation System Using Gene Expression Programming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133136802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","pdf_url":"https://ijeedu.com/index.php/ijeedu/article/download/235/118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195183","display_name":"International Journal of Environment Engineering and Education","issn_l":"2656-8039","issn":["2656-8039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijeedu.com/index.php/ijeedu/article/download/235/118","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011047247","display_name":"Ruba Dahham Alsaeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4848-5348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4848-5348"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131294651","display_name":"Al Wataniya Private University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mw1hy69","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131294651"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruba Dahham Alsaeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al-Wataniya Private University, Hama, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4848-5348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al-Wataniya Private University, Hama, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131294651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109015767","display_name":"Heba Aljaddou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-1296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-1296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131294651","display_name":"Al Wataniya Private University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mw1hy69","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131294651"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba Aljaddou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al-Wataniya Private University, Hama, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-1296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al-Wataniya Private University, Hama, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131294651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035007264","display_name":"Diala Shehab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-0388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-0388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097671","display_name":"Wadi International University","ror":"https://ror.org/00edm2h72","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097671"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diala Shehab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wadi International University, Homs, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-0388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wadi International University, Homs, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057031167","display_name":"Bassam Alaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-8608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-8608"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassam Alaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-8608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127750902","display_name":"Durgam Salloum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137613304","display_name":"Homs University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pwpsf61","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137613304"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durgam Salloum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering, Homs University, Homs, Syria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Homs University, Homs, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137613304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6576,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83747906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10210","display_name":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-removal","display_name":"iron removal","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-chlorination","display_name":"pre-chlorination","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-treatment","display_name":"groundwater treatment","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-programming","display_name":"gene expression programming","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-dependence","display_name":"pH dependence","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-oxygen","display_name":"dissolved oxygen","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypochlorous-acid","display_name":"hypochlorous acid","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-treatment","display_name":"drinking water treatment","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-cost-reduction","display_name":"operational cost reduction","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780908991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407318","display_name":"Hypochlorous acid","level":2,"score":0.8327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86922832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381105","display_name":"Aeration","level":2,"score":0.8184999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776776456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407204","display_name":"Sodium hypochlorite","level":2,"score":0.7293999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6980683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531551","display_name":"Gene expression programming","level":2,"score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900","display_name":"Chloride","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188287460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555857","display_name":"Chemical oxygen demand","level":3,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505241676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688","display_name":"Chlorine","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776832558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409049","display_name":"Hypochlorite","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780870113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q399771","display_name":"Iron(III) chloride","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991927217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682","display_name":"Biological oxidation","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92376884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162199","display_name":"Portable water purification","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","pdf_url":"https://ijeedu.com/index.php/ijeedu/article/download/235/118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195183","display_name":"International Journal of Environment Engineering and Education","issn_l":"2656-8039","issn":["2656-8039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:neliti.com:690608","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.neliti.com/publications/690608/predictive-modeling-of-naocl-dosage-for-iron-removal-in-a-combined-aeration-oxid","pdf_url":"https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/690608-predictive-modeling-of-naocl-dosage-for-9b9d4bb9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055263","display_name":"Neliti","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education","raw_type":"Journal:eArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v8i1.235","pdf_url":"https://ijeedu.com/index.php/ijeedu/article/download/235/118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195183","display_name":"International Journal of Environment Engineering and Education","issn_l":"2656-8039","issn":["2656-8039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.5925999879837036,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7133136802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7133136802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501347617","https://openalex.org/W1574895011","https://openalex.org/W1973126093","https://openalex.org/W1976521801","https://openalex.org/W2010732984","https://openalex.org/W2085525548","https://openalex.org/W2125581168","https://openalex.org/W2169690625","https://openalex.org/W2550298486","https://openalex.org/W3003182568","https://openalex.org/W3006245835","https://openalex.org/W3040214803","https://openalex.org/W3088746396","https://openalex.org/W3137382511","https://openalex.org/W4223479449","https://openalex.org/W4225121160","https://openalex.org/W4226280201","https://openalex.org/W4229592219","https://openalex.org/W4309786521","https://openalex.org/W4376956874","https://openalex.org/W4382602656","https://openalex.org/W4382929937","https://openalex.org/W4386337127","https://openalex.org/W4389817010","https://openalex.org/W4400720816","https://openalex.org/W4401991518","https://openalex.org/W4402878605","https://openalex.org/W4406336658","https://openalex.org/W4410469521","https://openalex.org/W4413850874","https://openalex.org/W4414435130","https://openalex.org/W6963869696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7124755329","https://openalex.org/W7161777909","https://openalex.org/W2379542788","https://openalex.org/W7071029255","https://openalex.org/W2037627974","https://openalex.org/W2791303173","https://openalex.org/W2083961569","https://openalex.org/W2394511652","https://openalex.org/W4405397224","https://openalex.org/W2084362085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Iron":[0],"is":[1,74],"one":[2],"of":[3,32,94,130,153,159,165,220,229],"the":[4,30,58,212,215,227],"most":[5],"prevalent":[6],"groundwater":[7,238],"contaminants":[8],"and":[9,15,37,46,162,196,207,217,225],"can":[10],"cause":[11],"significant":[12],"aesthetic,":[13],"operational,":[14],"infrastructural":[16],"problems":[17],"when":[18],"present":[19],"at":[20,90],"elevated":[21],"concentrations.":[22],"This":[23,168],"study":[24,213],"aims":[25],"to":[26,56,82,98,107,204],"(i)":[27],"experimentally":[28],"evaluate":[29],"effects":[31],"pH,":[33,205],"dissolved":[34],"oxygen":[35],"(DO),":[36],"sodium":[38],"hypochlorite":[39],"(NaOCl)":[40],"dosage":[41],"on":[42],"iron":[43,72,115,150,209,239],"removal":[44,79,116,151],"efficiency,":[45],"(ii)":[47],"develop":[48],"an":[49],"interpretable":[50],"Gene":[51],"Expression":[52],"Programming":[53],"(GEP)":[54],"model":[55,184],"predict":[57],"optimal":[59],"NaOCl":[60,92,157],"dose":[61,93],"under":[62,85],"varying":[63],"water-quality":[64],"conditions.":[65],"Laboratory":[66],"jar":[67],"test":[68],"experiments":[69],"demonstrated":[70],"that":[71],"oxidation":[73],"strongly":[75],"pH-dependent,":[76],"with":[77,178,223],"maximum":[78],"efficiency":[80],"(up":[81],"99%)":[83],"achieved":[84],"acidic":[86],"conditions":[87,105],"(pH":[88,110],"4)":[89],"a":[91,145,232],"6":[95,126],"mg/L":[96,127,161],"due":[97],"hypochlorous":[99],"acid":[100],"predominance.":[101],"Under":[102],"practical":[103],"near-neutral":[104],"relevant":[106],"drinking-water":[108],"treatment":[109,136],"6.5\u20137.5),":[111],"aeration":[112,143,224],"alone":[113],"enhanced":[114],"as":[117,231],"DO":[118,128,163],"increased,":[119],"although":[120],"diminishing":[121],"returns":[122],"were":[123],"observed":[124],"beyond":[125],"because":[129],"increased":[131],"energy":[132],"demand.":[133],"A":[134],"combined":[135,222],"strategy":[137],"involving":[138],"low-dose":[139],"pre-chlorination":[140,221],"followed":[141],"by":[142,174],"exhibited":[144],"clear":[146],"synergistic":[147],"effect,":[148],"achieving":[149],"efficiencies":[152],"approximately":[154,175],"85\u201389%":[155],"using":[156],"doses":[158],"1\u20133":[160],"levels":[164],"4\u20135":[166],"mg/L.":[167],"approach":[169],"reduced":[170],"overall":[171],"operational":[172],"costs":[173],"40%":[176],"compared":[177],"aeration-only":[179],"treatment.":[180],"The":[181],"developed":[182],"GEP":[183,230],"showed":[185],"strong":[186],"predictive":[187],"performance":[188],"(R\u00b2":[189],"=":[190,193],"0.94;":[191],"RMSE":[192],"0.34":[194],"mg/L)":[195],"generated":[197],"explicit":[198],"mathematical":[199],"expressions":[200],"linking":[201],"oxidant":[202],"demand":[203],"DO,":[206],"influent":[208],"concentration.":[210],"Overall,":[211],"confirms":[214],"technical":[216],"economic":[218],"advantages":[219],"highlights":[226],"potential":[228],"transparent":[233],"decision-support":[234],"tool":[235],"for":[236],"optimizing":[237],"removal.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-03-02T00:00:00"}