{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133124809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","title":"Predicting intensive care unit severity: A multilayer perceptron approach to simplified acute physiology score\u2013I (SAPS-I)","display_name":"Predicting intensive care unit severity: A multilayer perceptron approach to simplified acute physiology score\u2013I (SAPS-I)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133124809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","pdf_url":"https://medicinescience.org/article/10421/full-text.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765048444","display_name":"Medicine Science | International Medical Journal","issn_l":"2147-0634","issn":["2147-0634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969426","host_organization_name":"Society of Turaz Bilim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969426"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Turaz Bilim"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine Science | International Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://medicinescience.org/article/10421/full-text.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044105644","display_name":"Mukadder \u015eanl\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0021-8830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0021-8830","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-5536"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukadder Sanli","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University , Faculty of Medicine , Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation , Malatya , T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University , Faculty of Medicine , Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation , Malatya , T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092192683","display_name":"Abdulvahap P\u0131nar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-2579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-2579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198587356","display_name":"Ad\u0131yaman University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s4gkg68","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198587356"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulvahap Pinar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ad\u0131yaman University , Rectorate Unit , Ad\u0131yaman , T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ad\u0131yaman University , Rectorate Unit , Ad\u0131yaman , T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198587356"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.12540000677108765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.07010000199079514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"multilayer perceptron","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit","display_name":"intensive care unit","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-care","display_name":"intensive care","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sofa-score","display_name":"SOFA score","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-count","display_name":"white blood cell count","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"respiratory rate","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-dysfunction","display_name":"organ dysfunction","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vital-signs","display_name":"vital signs","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-parameters","display_name":"laboratory parameters","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-severity-assessment","display_name":"automated severity assessment","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.5821999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5113000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776890885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067560","display_name":"Vital signs","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117312493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2035437","display_name":"Multivariable calculus","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777671062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889402","display_name":"Early warning score","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910844663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767485","display_name":"Acute respiratory failure","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","pdf_url":"https://medicinescience.org/article/10421/full-text.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765048444","display_name":"Medicine Science | International Medical Journal","issn_l":"2147-0634","issn":["2147-0634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969426","host_organization_name":"Society of Turaz Bilim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969426"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Turaz Bilim"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine Science | International Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47c27874b13143b8aba763d4bd01f9eb","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47c27874b13143b8aba763d4bd01f9eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medicine Science, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 25-29 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2025.12.341","pdf_url":"https://medicinescience.org/article/10421/full-text.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765048444","display_name":"Medicine Science | International Medical Journal","issn_l":"2147-0634","issn":["2147-0634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969426","host_organization_name":"Society of Turaz Bilim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969426"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Turaz Bilim"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine Science | International Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7133124809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7133124809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086247090","https://openalex.org/W2128349740","https://openalex.org/W2150979970","https://openalex.org/W2905810301","https://openalex.org/W3011812967","https://openalex.org/W3082181967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175154375","https://openalex.org/W3135423122","https://openalex.org/W2892153250","https://openalex.org/W4206815626","https://openalex.org/W4393338367","https://openalex.org/W4400895713","https://openalex.org/W7206191644","https://openalex.org/W4225326659","https://openalex.org/W4294712597","https://openalex.org/W2967862063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precise":[0],"severity":[1,280],"testing":[2,150,193],"of":[3,16,20,77,84,94,110,169,272],"illnesses":[4],"in":[5,13,247,274],"the":[6,14,27,43,75,78,82,90,108,111,115,167,173,187,209,214,232,241,269],"Intensive":[7],"Care":[8],"Unit":[9],"(ICU)":[10],"is":[11,51,238],"vital":[12,135],"management":[15],"patients":[17],"and":[18,38,65,137,149,156,172,192,227,262,287],"allocation":[19],"resources.":[21],"The":[22,59,97,140,161,176,198,250],"conventional":[23],"scores":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26,101],"Simplified":[28],"Acute":[29],"Physiology":[30],"Score":[31],"(SAPS-I)":[32],"are":[33],"based":[34,106],"on":[35,81,107,129],"linear":[36],"models":[37],"they":[39],"might":[40],"not":[41],"exhaust":[42],"most":[44],"complicated":[45],"physiological":[46],"associations.":[47],"Machine":[48],"Learning":[49],"(ML)":[50],"a":[52,67,102,154],"promising":[53],"alternative":[54],"to":[55,63,73,152,157,207],"model":[56,122,155,162,178],"these":[57],"non-linearities.":[58],"current":[60],"study":[61,105],"aims":[62],"construct":[64],"validate":[66],"Multilayer":[68],"Perceptron":[69],"(MLP)":[70],"neural":[71],"network":[72,242],"achieve":[74],"prediction":[76],"SAPS-I":[79,233],"score":[80,204,234],"basis":[83],"routine":[85],"clinical":[86,248],"data":[87,112,141],"gathered":[88],"during":[89],"first":[91],"24":[92],"hours":[93],"ICU":[95,118],"admission.":[96],"design":[98],"was":[99,127,142,205],"performed":[100,165],"retrospective":[103],"cohort":[104],"use":[109],"created":[113],"by":[114,213,221],"Death":[116],"Classification":[117],"(n=3.600).":[119],"An":[120],"MLP":[121,177,237],"with":[123,182,235,255],"one":[124],"hidden":[125],"layer":[126],"trained":[128],"31":[130],"standardized":[131],"variables,":[132],"consisting":[133],"demographics,":[134],"signs,":[136],"laboratory":[138],"parameters.":[139],"divided":[143],"into":[144],"two":[145],"subsets":[146],"training":[147,188],"(70%)":[148],"(30%)":[151],"develop":[153],"evaluate":[158],"it":[159],"unbiasedly.":[160],"assessment":[163],"were":[164],"using":[166],"Sum":[168],"Squares":[170],"Error":[171],"Relative":[174],"Error.":[175],"represented":[179],"strong":[180],"generalization,":[181],"comparable":[183],"error":[184],"metrics":[185],"between":[186],"(Relative":[189,194],"Error:":[190,195],"0.526)":[191],"0.535)":[196],"sets.":[197],"Sequential":[199],"Organ":[200],"Failure":[201],"Assessment":[202],"(SOFA)":[203],"found":[206],"be":[208],"salient":[210],"predictor":[211],"variable":[212],"importance":[215],"analysis":[216],"(100%":[217],"normalized":[218],"importance),":[219],"followed":[220],"White":[222],"Blood":[223],"Cell":[224],"count":[225],"(63.3%)":[226],"Respiratory":[228],"Rate":[229],"(59.3%).":[230],"Predicting":[231],"an":[236],"feasible":[239],"because":[240],"captures":[243],"complex":[244],"nonlinear":[245],"patterns":[246],"data.":[249],"model\u2019s":[251],"internal":[252],"validation":[253,286],"aligns":[254],"established":[256],"knowledge":[257],"that":[258],"organ":[259],"dysfunction,":[260],"inflammation,":[261],"respiratory":[263],"status":[264],"drive":[265],"severity.":[266],"This":[267],"matches":[268],"broader":[270],"potential":[271],"ML":[273],"critical":[275],"care":[276],"for":[277],"improved":[278],"automated":[279],"assessment,":[281],"while":[282],"still":[283],"requiring":[284],"external":[285],"stronger":[288],"interpretability.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-03-02T00:00:00"}