{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131357504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","title":"Visualization of text on bowed sheets via High-resolution 3D-Magnetic Resonance Micro-imaging for potential reading of closed books: the proof-of-concept","display_name":"Visualization of text on bowed sheets via High-resolution 3D-Magnetic Resonance Micro-imaging for potential reading of closed books: the proof-of-concept","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131357504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41741624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-026-00614-7_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280558","display_name":"Communications Engineering","issn_l":"2731-3395","issn":["2731-3395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-026-00614-7_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041887510","display_name":"Andreas Georg Berg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-5242","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-5242"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Georg Berg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. andreas.berg@meduniwien.ac.at","High Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. andreas.berg@meduniwien.ac.at"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-5242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. andreas.berg@meduniwien.ac.at","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. andreas.berg@meduniwien.ac.at","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073095295","display_name":"Alexander K. Seewald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-432X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-432X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268420","display_name":"Seewald Solutions (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjpz137","country_code":"AT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268420"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Karl Seewald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seewald Solutions GmbH, Wei\u00dfkirchen an der Traun, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-432X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seewald Solutions GmbH, Wei\u00dfkirchen an der Traun, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268420"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041887510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10866996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.5605000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.5605000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.34860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12603","display_name":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","score":0.029400000348687172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-visualization","display_name":"text visualization","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printed-letters","display_name":"printed letters","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-texts","display_name":"ancient texts","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.832099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5964000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5663999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.48739999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4828000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019351333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538289","display_name":"High contrast","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139210041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145840","display_name":"Resonance (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-026-00614-7_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280558","display_name":"Communications Engineering","issn_l":"2731-3395","issn":["2731-3395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41741624","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41741624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13079842","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13079842/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13079842/pdf/44172_2026_Article_614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Commun Eng","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87a898813494443c9c977e20cea192c7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87a898813494443c9c977e20cea192c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Communications Engineering, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00614-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-026-00614-7_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280558","display_name":"Communications Engineering","issn_l":"2731-3395","issn":["2731-3395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.894012451171875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322325","display_name":"Oesterreichische Nationalbank","ror":"https://ror.org/00nkcmy90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7131357504.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7131357504.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968795335","https://openalex.org/W2025692176","https://openalex.org/W2033884903","https://openalex.org/W2077952561","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2105286970","https://openalex.org/W2884513551","https://openalex.org/W2897663930","https://openalex.org/W2915166120","https://openalex.org/W2916362006","https://openalex.org/W2982697854","https://openalex.org/W3134360178","https://openalex.org/W3213482592","https://openalex.org/W4391542903","https://openalex.org/W4391615860"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"could":[0,21],"in":[1,8,108,116],"principle":[2],"be":[3,22,181],"used":[4],"also":[5,182],"for":[6,114,131,185],"insights":[7],"the":[9,18,91,117,120,134],"structure":[10],"of":[11,88,112,119,125,183],"valuable":[12,83],"ancient":[13],"objects":[14],"like":[15],"books":[16],"if":[17],"spatial":[19,157],"resolution":[20,104,158],"improved.":[23],"We":[24],"demonstrate,":[25],"that":[26],"Magnetic-Resonance-Microscopy":[27],"is":[28,46,75,171],"even":[29],"able":[30],"to":[31,82,141],"visualize":[32,150],"printed":[33,152],"letters":[34,153],"at":[35],"thickness":[36,93],"<":[37],"30":[38],"\u00b5m":[39],"on":[40,48,54,59,133,145],"superposed":[41],"paper-sheets.":[42],"The":[43,123,177],"physical-technical":[44],"methodology":[45],"based":[47,144],"prototype":[49],"hardware":[50],"installed":[51],"as":[52,190],"insert":[53],"a":[55,126,163],"human":[56],"MR-scanner":[57],"relying":[58],"strong":[60],"magnetic":[61],"and":[62,96,105,110,154],"gradient-fields":[63],"with":[64],"sensitive":[65],"radiofrequency-sensors.":[66],"A":[67],"negative":[68],"contrast":[69,140],"mechanism,":[70],"adding":[71],"MR-visible":[72],"chemically-inert":[73],"liquid,":[74],"necessary,":[76],"its":[77],"removal":[78],"being":[79],"potentially":[80],"harmful":[81],"paper":[84,121],"sheets.":[85,122],"For":[86],"visualization":[87,132],"text":[89],"firstly":[90],"letter":[92],"(\u224220":[94],"\u00b5m)":[95],"exact":[97],"positions":[98],"were":[99],"determined":[100],"before":[101],"adjusting":[102],"optimized":[103],"field-of-view":[106],"(FOV)":[107],"measurement":[109],"reprocessing":[111],"3D-data":[113],"slice-positioning":[115],"plane":[118],"advantages":[124],"semi-automatic":[127],"data":[128],"processing":[129],"method":[130],"bowed":[135],"paper-sheets":[136],"are":[137],"demonstrated.":[138],"In":[139],"micro-Computed":[142],"tomography":[143],"absorption":[146],"contrast,":[147],"MR-microscopy":[148],"can":[149],"non-metallic":[151],"offers":[155],"higher":[156],"than":[159,175],"Terahertz":[160],"imaging.":[161],"As":[162],"preclinical":[164],"MR-imaging":[165],"tool":[166],"(with":[167],"limited":[168],"FOV)":[169],"it":[170],"more":[172],"widely":[173],"available":[174],"neutron-tomography.":[176],"reported":[178],"MRM-technology":[179],"might":[180],"interest":[184],"radiological":[186],"high-resolution":[187],"applications":[188],"such":[189],"MR-based":[191],"histology.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}
