{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131237396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","title":"Nanomaterial-mediated modulation of gut microbiota for precision diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review","display_name":"Nanomaterial-mediated modulation of gut microbiota for precision diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131237396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41815908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115604899","display_name":"Ying Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-553X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-553X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0234-0933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149240348","display_name":"Jilin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xtsag93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122241905","display_name":"Shihan Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149240348","display_name":"Jilin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xtsag93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032911775","display_name":"Yunqing Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149240348","display_name":"Jilin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xtsag93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqing Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402874","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-208X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-208X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149240348","display_name":"Jilin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xtsag93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100402874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149240348"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":1.7295,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79818266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1758617","last_page":"1758617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10782","display_name":"Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","score":0.319599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10782","display_name":"Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","score":0.319599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.31709998846054077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12996","display_name":"Cancer Research and Treatments","score":0.18529999256134033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer","display_name":"colorectal cancer","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomaterials","display_name":"nanomaterials","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiota-modulation","display_name":"microbiota modulation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-immune-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor immune microenvironment","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemoradiotherapy","display_name":"chemoradiotherapy","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theranostics","display_name":"theranostics","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistance","display_name":"drug resistance","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastasis","display_name":"metastasis","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomaterial-safety","display_name":"nanomaterial safety","score":0.8370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.685699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52384281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864713","display_name":"Biosafety","level":2,"score":0.6092000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991678113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immune modulation","level":3,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137923570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2121103","display_name":"Fecal bacteriotherapy","level":4,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16930687","display_name":"Therapeutic approach","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41815908","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41815908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9488434863f94d3ca318f30d115e439d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9488434863f94d3ca318f30d115e439d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12971400","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12971400/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1758617/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7131237396.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7131237396.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995297275","https://openalex.org/W2055251230","https://openalex.org/W2924577798","https://openalex.org/W2926337143","https://openalex.org/W2977992459","https://openalex.org/W3011656342","https://openalex.org/W3031126723","https://openalex.org/W3118251540","https://openalex.org/W3140594734","https://openalex.org/W3171492222","https://openalex.org/W3175731140","https://openalex.org/W3178723556","https://openalex.org/W3211574935","https://openalex.org/W4220782866","https://openalex.org/W4224225207","https://openalex.org/W4281772914","https://openalex.org/W4282834423","https://openalex.org/W4283723337","https://openalex.org/W4307564407","https://openalex.org/W4308159581","https://openalex.org/W4308373573","https://openalex.org/W4360599810","https://openalex.org/W4367323125","https://openalex.org/W4377013037","https://openalex.org/W4379094084","https://openalex.org/W4385476630","https://openalex.org/W4385638731","https://openalex.org/W4386944779","https://openalex.org/W4386980881","https://openalex.org/W4389370873","https://openalex.org/W4390350641","https://openalex.org/W4391151160","https://openalex.org/W4391839410","https://openalex.org/W4392639059","https://openalex.org/W4393850056","https://openalex.org/W4394566269","https://openalex.org/W4395011544","https://openalex.org/W4396676981","https://openalex.org/W4396730863","https://openalex.org/W4396773841","https://openalex.org/W4396951245","https://openalex.org/W4398169027","https://openalex.org/W4399498558","https://openalex.org/W4400059464","https://openalex.org/W4401200708","https://openalex.org/W4403401341","https://openalex.org/W4403446257","https://openalex.org/W4404484754","https://openalex.org/W4404801320","https://openalex.org/W4405416164","https://openalex.org/W4405764984","https://openalex.org/W4405903084","https://openalex.org/W4406125373","https://openalex.org/W4406482761","https://openalex.org/W4407311241","https://openalex.org/W4407508022","https://openalex.org/W4407603157","https://openalex.org/W4407996342","https://openalex.org/W4408035955","https://openalex.org/W4408072163","https://openalex.org/W4408384406","https://openalex.org/W4408808691","https://openalex.org/W4409160139","https://openalex.org/W4409530855","https://openalex.org/W4409661309","https://openalex.org/W4409825125","https://openalex.org/W4409906510","https://openalex.org/W4410496794","https://openalex.org/W4410511167","https://openalex.org/W4410541878"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"critical":[1],"role":[2],"of":[3,11,54,78,122,128],"gut":[4],"microbiota":[5,38,70,87,130],"in":[6,56,80],"the":[7,35,58,75,101],"initiation":[8],"and":[9,24,39,49,62,67,93,104,110,126,138,145],"progression":[10],"colorectal":[12],"cancer":[13],"(CRC)":[14],"has":[15],"garnered":[16],"widespread":[17],"recognition.":[18],"Leveraging":[19],"their":[20,52],"precise":[21],"targeting":[22,106],"capabilities":[23],"programmable":[25],"properties,":[26],"nanomaterials":[27,79],"are":[28],"emerging":[29],"as":[30,86],"novel":[31],"strategy":[32],"for":[33,90,141,148],"modulating":[34],"interplay":[36],"between":[37],"tumors.":[40],"This":[41,133],"comprehensive":[42],"review":[43,134],"examines":[44],"functional":[45],"nanomaterials-including":[46],"nanoparticles,":[47],"nanocapsules,":[48],"nanoreactors-and":[50],"elucidates":[51],"mechanisms":[53],"action":[55],"remodeling":[57],"CRC":[59,82,107,149],"immune":[60],"microenvironment":[61],"potentiating":[63],"responses":[64],"to":[65],"chemoradiotherapy":[66],"immunotherapy":[68],"through":[69],"modulation.":[71],"We":[72],"further":[73],"highlight":[74],"synergistic":[76],"value":[77],"multimodal":[81],"theranostics:":[83],"(i)":[84],"serving":[85],"modulation":[88],"carriers":[89],"integrated":[91],"diagnosis":[92],"therapy;":[94],"(ii)":[95],"activating":[96],"systemic":[97],"anti-tumor":[98],"immunity":[99],"via":[100],"gut-microbiota-immune":[102],"axis;":[103],"(iii)":[105],"drug":[108],"resistance":[109],"metastasis.":[111],"Finally,":[112],"we":[113],"discuss":[114],"challenges":[115],"associated":[116],"with":[117],"clinical":[118],"translation,":[119],"including":[120],"assessment":[121],"long-term":[123],"nanomaterial":[124],"biosafety":[125],"optimization":[127],"personalized":[129],"intervention":[131],"protocols.":[132],"provides":[135],"theoretical":[136],"foundations":[137],"technical":[139],"insights":[140],"developing":[142],"precision":[143],"diagnostic":[144],"therapeutic":[146],"strategies":[147],"based":[150],"on":[151],"nano-microbiota":[152],"interactions.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}