{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130834945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v215-07","title":"Digital transformation, human capital accumulation, and total factor productivity growth in SMEs: an empirical investigation","display_name":"Digital transformation, human capital accumulation, and total factor productivity growth in SMEs: an empirical investigation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130834945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v215-07"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21003/ea.v215-07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v215-07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v215-07","pdf_url":"https://ea21journal.world/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EA-XXI_215_07.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227272","display_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","issn_l":"1728-6220","issn":["1728-6220","1728-6239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ea21journal.world/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EA-XXI_215_07.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138858334","display_name":"Kurbanova Maftuna Lazizovna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7108-3314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7108-3314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21256249","display_name":"Tashkent University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05987a729","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maftuna Kurbanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Management and marketing , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7108-3314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Management and marketing , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120250842","display_name":"Nigora Xasanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6419-4655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6419-4655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21256249","display_name":"Tashkent University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05987a729","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigora Xasanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics in the Field of Information and Communication Technologies , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6419-4655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics in the Field of Information and Communication Technologies , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069553307","display_name":"Alevtina Muradova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-310X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-310X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21256249","display_name":"Tashkent University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05987a729","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alevtina Muradova","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD (Telecommunication Engineering) , Associate Professor, Department of Telecommunication Engineering , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-310X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD (Telecommunication Engineering) , Associate Professor, Department of Telecommunication Engineering , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126537858","display_name":"Adkhamkhon Rakhmatullayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4233-7063","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4233-7063"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21256249","display_name":"Tashkent University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05987a729","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adkhamkhon Rakhmatullayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics in the Field of ICT , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4233-7063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics in the Field of ICT , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138375051","display_name":"Bobojonova Zarnigor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-1670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-1670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21256249","display_name":"Tashkent University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05987a729","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zarnigor Bobojonova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department ICT in Economics , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-1670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department ICT in Economics , Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi 108 Amir Temur Str. , 100200 , Tashkent , Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21256249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115827555","display_name":"Takhmina Mamadalieva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-6889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-6889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126419327","display_name":"Tashkent State Transport University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jxr5c40","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126419327"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takhmina Mamadalieva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social Sciences , Tashkent State Transport University 25 Sairam Str. , Tashkent , 100170 , Uzbekistan","MA (Social Sciences) , Lecturer,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-6889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social Sciences , Tashkent State Transport University 25 Sairam Str. , Tashkent , 100170 , Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126419327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA (Social Sciences) , Lecturer,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9721,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76335028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"215","issue":"5-6","first_page":"41","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12958","display_name":"Digital Economy and Transformation","score":0.8823000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12958","display_name":"Digital Economy and Transformation","score":0.8823000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0820000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13498","display_name":"Economic Development and Digital Transformation","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"digital transformation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital-accumulation","display_name":"human capital accumulation","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-factor-productivity-growth","display_name":"total factor productivity growth","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size-differences","display_name":"firm size differences","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uzbekistan","display_name":"Uzbekistan","score":0.9729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.7718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.6345000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5349000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65721934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144645","display_name":"Path coefficient","level":3,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24649204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3656853","display_name":"Capital deepening","level":5,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22714642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164765","display_name":"Capital Consumption Allowance","level":5,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167562979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271857","display_name":"Classical economics","level":1,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81751973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420062","display_name":"Capital accumulation","level":3,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82793941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156436729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156779","display_name":"Solow residual","level":5,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143369678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467212","display_name":"Capital intensity","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9127897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q990550","display_name":"Physical capital","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118661131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671781","display_name":"Capital good","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21003/ea.v215-07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v215-07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v215-07","pdf_url":"https://ea21journal.world/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EA-XXI_215_07.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227272","display_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","issn_l":"1728-6220","issn":["1728-6220","1728-6239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21003/ea.v215-07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v215-07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v215-07","pdf_url":"https://ea21journal.world/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EA-XXI_215_07.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227272","display_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","issn_l":"1728-6220","issn":["1728-6220","1728-6239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130834945.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130834945.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384828431","https://openalex.org/W4396865663","https://openalex.org/W4409402239","https://openalex.org/W4414023532","https://openalex.org/W4415525206","https://openalex.org/W4415525214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211964877","https://openalex.org/W7220227452","https://openalex.org/W7218416376","https://openalex.org/W3177865853","https://openalex.org/W7163756486","https://openalex.org/W4411936857","https://openalex.org/W7166543888","https://openalex.org/W3171034091","https://openalex.org/W7172107116","https://openalex.org/W7164807050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study":[2,30],"we":[3],"attempted":[4],"to":[5,74],"analyze":[6,75],"the":[7,51,60,76,129,138],"impact":[8],"of":[9,21,54,88,96,123,131],"digital":[10,82,132],"transformation":[11,83,133],"and":[12,23,35,47,57,90,101,137],"human":[13,91,112,139],"capital":[14,92,113,140],"accumulation":[15],"on":[16,104,114,134,142],"total":[17],"factor":[18],"productivity":[19,105,115],"growth":[20],"small":[22,46,135],"medium-sized":[24,48,143],"enterprises":[25],"in":[26,33,37],"Uzbekistan.":[27],"The":[28,39,78],"present":[29],"is":[31,145],"descriptive-correlational":[32],"nature":[34],"applied":[36],"purpose.":[38],"necessary":[40],"information":[41],"was":[42,72,116],"collected":[43],"from":[44,50],"380":[45],"businesses":[49],"three":[52],"cities":[53],"Tashkent,":[55],"Samarkand,":[56],"Bukhara":[58],"during":[59],"period":[61],"2021-2024.":[62],"Structural":[63],"equation":[64],"modeling":[65],"with":[66,84,93,119],"a":[67,85,94,99],"partial":[68],"least":[69],"squares":[70],"approach":[71],"used":[73],"data.":[77],"findings":[79],"revealed":[80,127],"that":[81,128],"path":[86],"coefficient":[87,95,122],"0.32":[89],"0.41":[97],"had":[98],"direct":[100],"significant":[102],"effect":[103,130,141],"growth.":[106],"Digital":[107],"transformation\u2019s":[108],"mediating":[109],"role":[110],"through":[111],"also":[117],"confirmed":[118],"an":[120],"indirect":[121],"0.21.":[124],"Further":[125],"analysis":[126],"business":[136,144],"more":[146],"significant.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-02-22T00:00:00"}
