{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130818535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop","title":"A Partial Reading of the Principle of Criminal Legality","display_name":"A Partial Reading of the Principle of Criminal Legality","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130818535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.66045/aq90mlkop","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053741","display_name":"Al-Qurtas","issn_l":"2523-9821","issn":["2523-9821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Qurtas","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146719400","display_name":"Najat Saeed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258300","display_name":"Azzaytuna University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ehj1e38","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258300"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Najat Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azzaytuna University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azzaytuna University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258300"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5146719400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258300"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06987766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"28","first_page":"609","last_page":"609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-law","display_name":"criminal law","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminalization","display_name":"criminalization","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-legislation","display_name":"criminal legislation","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-coercion","display_name":"state coercion","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-rights-and-freedoms","display_name":"individual rights and freedoms","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-oversight","display_name":"judicial oversight","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization-of-crime","display_name":"globalization of crime","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transnational-crime","display_name":"transnational crime","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limits-of-state-power","display_name":"limits of state power","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice-effectiveness","display_name":"criminal justice effectiveness","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42027317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307054","display_name":"Principle of legality","level":2,"score":0.6927000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6764000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777249218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940931","display_name":"Voluntariness","level":2,"score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.4505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780652975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761413","display_name":"Criminalization","level":2,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504945742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal procedure","level":2,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777188754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140822","display_name":"Coercion (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183763965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603959","display_name":"Proportionality (law)","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162040827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126842","display_name":"Philosophy of law","level":3,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780230267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253920","display_name":"Double jeopardy","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185052227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352967","display_name":"Theory of criminal justice","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79841651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179805","display_name":"Political philosophy","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878070","display_name":"Duty","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10180917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193526","display_name":"Conscience","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3356259","display_name":"Facticity","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.66045/aq90mlkop","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053741","display_name":"Al-Qurtas","issn_l":"2523-9821","issn":["2523-9821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Qurtas","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.alqurtas.alandalus-libya.org.ly:article/1631","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://alqurtas.alandalus-libya.org.ly/ojs/index.php/qjhar/article/view/1631","pdf_url":"https://alqurtas.alandalus-libya.org.ly/ojs/index.php/qjhar/article/download/1631/1456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053741","display_name":"Al-Qurtas","issn_l":"2523-9821","issn":["2523-9821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2523-9821","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.66045/aq90mlkop","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66045/aq90mlkop","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053741","display_name":"Al-Qurtas","issn_l":"2523-9821","issn":["2523-9821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Qurtas","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130818535.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130818535.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235304883","https://openalex.org/W4380147521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6986502321","https://openalex.org/W2775453085","https://openalex.org/W3209734417","https://openalex.org/W7070809336","https://openalex.org/W7153576633","https://openalex.org/W3081401435","https://openalex.org/W1909972089","https://openalex.org/W4365473112","https://openalex.org/W2587255355","https://openalex.org/W4381511961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Criminal":[0],"law":[1,175],"scholars":[2],"have":[3,349],"agreed":[4],"that":[5,22,28,79,97,124,179,243,251,261,311,361],"the":[6,14,34,58,61,67,70,93,138,149,154,159,168,171,181,185,202,206,216,220,241,269,274,285,288,309,333,336,356,359,362,370,374,391,395,405,417],"principle":[7,263,406],"of":[8,13,16,33,38,57,60,63,69,84,92,162,170,173,184,209,233,271,276,287,292,338,353,358,376,407,419],"criminal":[9,17,163,174,186,203,382,408,420],"legality":[10],"is":[11,30,127,167,215,259,301,364,378,385,404,416],"one":[12,91,367],"foundations":[15,427],"systems":[18],"in":[19,66,82,131,279,284,335,355,373,428],"a":[20,48,55,76,231,266,351],"way":[21],"leaves":[23],"no":[24,31,145],"room":[25],"to":[26,105,129,142,194,222,268,308,342,369,411],"say":[27],"there":[29],"guarantee":[32],"rights":[35,289],"and":[36,72,95,119,144,152,189,192,199,211,213,226,236,254,273,290,294,306,326,347,372,413,422],"freedoms":[37,291],"individuals":[39,293],"without":[40,249],"it.":[41],"This":[42],"came":[43,264],"about":[44,318],"by":[45,137,219,380],"giving":[46,74],"it":[47,52,75,89,115,156,166,214],"political":[49,150],"character,":[50],"which":[51,282],"acquired":[53],"as":[54,90,113,158,165,230,265],"result":[56,232],"concentration":[59,275],"authority":[62,139],"legitimate":[64],"coercion":[65],"hands":[68],"state,":[71],"thus":[73,147],"constitutional":[77],"character":[78],"made":[80],"those":[81],"charge":[83],"state":[85,221],"affairs":[86],"deal":[87],"with":[88,297],"constants":[94],"axioms":[96],"cannot":[98],"be":[99,247],"debated":[100],"or":[101,109,321,388],"disagreed":[102],"upon.":[103],"Or":[104],"reconsider":[106],"its":[107,111,125,132,190,224,304,312,319,345,426,429],"content":[108],"change":[110,334],"pillars":[112],"if":[114],"were":[116],"something":[117],"assumed":[118],"taken":[120],"for":[121],"granted,":[122],"considering":[123],"source":[126,161,208],"limited":[128],"legislation":[130],"formal":[133],"sense,":[134],"i.e.":[135],"issued":[136],"constitutionally":[140],"authorized":[141],"legislate":[143],"other,":[146],"expressing":[148],"goal":[151],"consecrating":[153],"role":[155],"plays":[157],"sole":[160],"law,":[164],"cornerstone":[169],"structure":[172],"based":[176,239],"on":[177,240,424],"assumptions":[178],"support":[180],"deterrent":[182],"force":[183],"legislative":[187],"rule":[188],"legitimacy":[191,409],"validity":[193],"protect":[195],"essential":[196],"social":[197],"values":[198],"interests.":[200],"Thus,":[201],"text":[204],"became":[205],"only":[207],"criminalization":[210],"punishment,":[212],"tool":[217],"used":[218],"maintain":[223],"security":[225],"stability.":[227],"It":[228,258],"emerged":[229],"intellectual":[234],"conflicts":[235],"cognitive":[237],"enlightenment":[238],"fact":[242],"authorities":[244,278],"should":[245],"not":[246,315,329],"absolute":[248],"controls":[250],"restrict":[252],"them":[253],"clarify":[255],"their":[256,280,295],"limits.":[257],"known":[260],"this":[262,300],"reaction":[267],"control":[270],"judges":[272],"all":[277],"hands,":[281],"resulted":[283],"violation":[286],"surroundings":[296],"danger.":[298],"Perhaps":[299],"what":[302,377,402],"justifies":[303],"stagnation":[305],"cruelty,":[307],"extent":[310,403],"founders":[313],"did":[314,328],"even":[316],"think":[317],"decline":[320,322,412],"under":[323,398],"any":[324],"circumstances,":[325],"they":[327],"take":[330],"into":[331],"account":[332],"nature":[337],"crime":[339],"from":[340,366],"national":[341],"cross-border.":[343],"However,":[344],"immortality":[346],"stability":[348],"become":[350],"kind":[352],"impossibility":[354],"face":[357,375],"development":[360],"world":[363],"witnessing":[365],"moment":[368],"next":[371],"required":[379],"effective":[381],"justice.":[383],"There":[384],"nothing":[386],"constant":[387],"eternal":[389],"except":[390],"Holy":[392],"Quran.":[393],"Accordingly,":[394],"main":[396],"question":[397],"investigation":[399],"is:":[400],"To":[401],"susceptible":[410],"decline?":[414],"What":[415],"impact":[418],"transformation":[421],"internationalization":[423],"establishing":[425],"current":[430],"situation?":[431]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}