{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130516998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","title":"Adsorptive removal of Congo Red from wastewater using Magnetite@ZnO@Zeolite composite","display_name":"Adsorptive removal of Congo Red from wastewater using Magnetite@ZnO@Zeolite composite","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130516998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231803","display_name":"Discover Water","issn_l":"2730-647X","issn":["2730-647X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014813802","display_name":"Denga Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-9444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-9444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Denga Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126395917","display_name":"Pamela Mitah Mnisi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela Mitah Mnisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011689012","display_name":"Mpingana Ndilimeke Akawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-1848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-1848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101993903","display_name":"Namibia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03gg1ey66","country_code":"NA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101993903"]}],"countries":["NA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mpingana Ndilimeke Akawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, 13 Jackson Kaujeua Street, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, 13 Jackson Kaujeua Street, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101993903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055959869","display_name":"Mapula Lucey Mavhungu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mapula Lucey Mavhungu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081670935","display_name":"Mukuna Patrick Mubiayi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-245X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-245X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukuna Patrick Mubiayi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014813802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":6.5615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96375472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12078","display_name":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congo-red","display_name":"Congo red","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dye-adsorption","display_name":"dye adsorption","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetite","display_name":"magnetite","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-oxide","display_name":"zinc oxide","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zeolites","display_name":"zeolites","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocomposite-adsorbent","display_name":"nanocomposite adsorbent","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-dye-removal","display_name":"synthetic dye removal","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/langmuir-isotherm","display_name":"Langmuir isotherm","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-effect","display_name":"pH effect","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sol-gel-synthesis","display_name":"sol-gel synthesis","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779155187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114391","display_name":"Congo red","level":3,"score":0.9207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.8276000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.7318999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.67330002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5723000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5454000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778077586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181332","display_name":"Zeolite","level":3,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12143843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6486358","display_name":"Langmuir adsorption model","level":3,"score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92880739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2639556","display_name":"Nanocomposite","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115958267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464196","display_name":"Langmuir","level":3,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7070889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902488","display_name":"Monolayer","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231803","display_name":"Discover Water","issn_l":"2730-647X","issn":["2730-647X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7f437ede138448ea4f89186cb03a80d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7f437ede138448ea4f89186cb03a80d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Water, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231803","display_name":"Discover Water","issn_l":"2730-647X","issn":["2730-647X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7539454102516174}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104715494","https://openalex.org/W3123320156","https://openalex.org/W3187904900","https://openalex.org/W3210695311","https://openalex.org/W4214826736","https://openalex.org/W4223446831","https://openalex.org/W4229335292","https://openalex.org/W4284992922","https://openalex.org/W4291449583","https://openalex.org/W4295963120","https://openalex.org/W4313350232","https://openalex.org/W4313501803","https://openalex.org/W4316663687","https://openalex.org/W4323663389","https://openalex.org/W4361213039","https://openalex.org/W4366989806","https://openalex.org/W4378232835","https://openalex.org/W4381988012","https://openalex.org/W4382396032","https://openalex.org/W4386498447","https://openalex.org/W4391729401","https://openalex.org/W4392648711","https://openalex.org/W4392866922","https://openalex.org/W4394814154","https://openalex.org/W4394936579","https://openalex.org/W4396216076","https://openalex.org/W4396852357","https://openalex.org/W4399593623","https://openalex.org/W4400238724","https://openalex.org/W4400618351","https://openalex.org/W4401326643","https://openalex.org/W4403170953","https://openalex.org/W4403513102","https://openalex.org/W4403930544","https://openalex.org/W4404592782","https://openalex.org/W4404654376","https://openalex.org/W4405133752","https://openalex.org/W4405776293","https://openalex.org/W4407765278","https://openalex.org/W4407821412","https://openalex.org/W4410799979","https://openalex.org/W4410831410","https://openalex.org/W4411195660","https://openalex.org/W4413029760","https://openalex.org/W4415737698"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"dyes":[1],"are":[2,7],"considered":[3],"toxic":[4],"pollutants":[5],"and":[6,31,79,128,167],"therefore":[8],"not":[9],"easily":[10],"removed":[11,117],"by":[12,50],"conventional":[13],"water-treatment":[14],"processes.":[15],"This":[16],"work":[17],"focused":[18],"on":[19,178],"removal":[20,107,186],"of":[21,57,86,121,147,181,188,195],"Congo":[22,154],"red":[23,155],"(CR)":[24],"dye":[25,122],"utilizing":[26],"a":[27,87,142],"magnetite,":[28],"zinc":[29],"oxide":[30],"zeolite":[32],"(Fe":[33],"3":[34,43,93,111,136,171,197],"O":[35,44,94,112,137,172,198],"4":[36,45,95,113,138,173,199],"@ZnO@Zeolite)":[37],"composites":[38],"synergetic":[39,115],"effects.":[40],"The":[41,54,99,134,157,169,190],"Fe":[42,92,110,135,170,196],"@ZnO@Zeolite":[46,96,114,139,174,200],"composite":[47,59,97,159,201],"was":[48,176],"synthesized":[49,158],"the":[51,58,84,91,193],"sol\u2013gel":[52],"method.":[53],"physicochemical":[55],"properties":[56],"were":[60],"characterized":[61],"using":[62],"numerous":[63],"techniques":[64],"including":[65],"X-ray":[66],"Diffraction":[67],"(XRD),":[68],"Scanning":[69],"Electron":[70],"Microscopy":[71],"(SEM)":[72],"combined":[73],"with":[74],"Energy":[75],"Dispersive":[76],"Spectrometry":[77],"(SEM/EDS),":[78],"Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller":[80],"(BET).":[81],"XRD":[82],"confirmed":[83],"presence":[85],"crystalline":[88],"phase":[89],"in":[90,165],"material.":[98],"adsorption":[100,145],"process":[101],"at":[102,123],"pH":[103],"5":[104],"showed":[105],"high":[106],"efficiency":[108],"because":[109],"effect":[116],"more":[118],"than":[119],"90%":[120],"0.6":[124],"g":[125],"adsorbent":[126,207],"dose":[127],"100":[129],"mg":[130],"L":[131],"\u22121":[132],"concentration.":[133],"nanocomposite":[140],"exhibited":[141],"maximal":[143],"Langmuir":[144],"capacity":[146],"10.99":[148],"mg/g,":[149],"indicating":[150],"monolayer":[151],"coverage":[152],"for":[153,208],"sorption.":[156],"materials":[160],"can":[161],"successfully":[162],"remove":[163],"CR":[164],"water":[166,214],"wastewater.":[168],"material":[175],"tested":[177],"real":[179],"samples":[180],"wastewater,":[182],"demonstrating":[183],"an":[184],"effective":[185,204],"rate":[187],"95.2%.":[189],"results":[191],"show":[192],"potential":[194],"as":[202],"cost":[203],"environmentally":[205],"friendly":[206],"wastewater":[209],"treatment":[210],"which":[211],"promote":[212],"cleaner":[213],"resources.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}