{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130393129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2025-0076","title":"Understanding the Style Differences of Ancient Ridergods Rock Reliefs with Feature Extraction: A Preliminary Research","display_name":"Understanding the Style Differences of Ancient Ridergods Rock Reliefs with Feature Extraction: A Preliminary Research","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130393129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2025-0076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/opar-2025-0076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2025-0076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2025-0076","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opar-2025-0076/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736767678","display_name":"Open Archaeology","issn_l":"2300-6560","issn":["2300-6560"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Archaeology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opar-2025-0076/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000986928","display_name":"Feyzullah Eray D\u00d6K\u00dc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-2580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-2580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54515432","display_name":"Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/04xk0dc21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54515432"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eray D\u00f6k\u00fc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mehmet Akif Ersoy University \u2013 The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Archaeology Department , Burdur , T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-2580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy University \u2013 The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Archaeology Department , Burdur , T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54515432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091938463","display_name":"Deniz Kayikci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-4272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-4272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54515432","display_name":"Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/04xk0dc21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54515432"]}],"countries":["ES","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deniz Kay\u0131kc\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Department of Prehistory, Quantitative Archaeology Laboratory , Universitat Autonomous de Barcelona (UAB) , Cerdanyola-Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain","Mehmet Akif Ersoy University \u2013 The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Archaeology Department , Burdur , T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-4272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Department of Prehistory, Quantitative Archaeology Laboratory , Universitat Autonomous de Barcelona (UAB) , Cerdanyola-Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy University \u2013 The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Archaeology Department , Burdur , T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54515432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092209633","display_name":"Nurhan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-1025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-1025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48843708","display_name":"Pamukkale University","ror":"https://ror.org/01etz1309","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48843708"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurhan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pamukkale University \u2013 The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Archaeology Department , Denizli , T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-1025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pamukkale University \u2013 The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Archaeology Department , Denizli , T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48843708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091938463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I54515432"],"apc_list":{"value":750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":848},"apc_paid":{"value":750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":848},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-reliefs","display_name":"rock reliefs","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-sculpture","display_name":"ancient sculpture","score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style-classification","display_name":"stylistic classification","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arts-schools","display_name":"artistic schools","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"edge detection","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-analysis","display_name":"texture analysis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-analysis","display_name":"shape analysis","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-descriptors","display_name":"feature descriptors","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-clustering","display_name":"image clustering","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caria","display_name":"Caria","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pisidia","display_name":"Pisidia","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-archaeology","display_name":"computational archaeology","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.7958999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7281000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.6485999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6118000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207968372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310401","display_name":"k-means clustering","level":3,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.2603999972343445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/opar-2025-0076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2025-0076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2025-0076","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opar-2025-0076/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736767678","display_name":"Open Archaeology","issn_l":"2300-6560","issn":["2300-6560"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Archaeology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59a9efa3676d4dec8a7d74c3009e443e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59a9efa3676d4dec8a7d74c3009e443e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Open Archaeology, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 7-32 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/opar-2025-0076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2025-0076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2025-0076","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opar-2025-0076/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736767678","display_name":"Open Archaeology","issn_l":"2300-6560","issn":["2300-6560"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Archaeology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320929","display_name":"Universiteit Leiden","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130393129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130393129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W313920624","https://openalex.org/W576768493","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2070408580","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2085487226","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2159498975","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2497623978","https://openalex.org/W2499498173","https://openalex.org/W2535451999","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2978463814","https://openalex.org/W2995054852","https://openalex.org/W3126389933","https://openalex.org/W3154741469","https://openalex.org/W3161134750","https://openalex.org/W3208674021","https://openalex.org/W4214844399","https://openalex.org/W4255861232","https://openalex.org/W4256167394","https://openalex.org/W4283661400","https://openalex.org/W4285231048","https://openalex.org/W4313434017","https://openalex.org/W4362702212","https://openalex.org/W4400729051","https://openalex.org/W4410894113","https://openalex.org/W4417268337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995439514","https://openalex.org/W7171567491","https://openalex.org/W2351912069","https://openalex.org/W2512097232","https://openalex.org/W2613647504","https://openalex.org/W7161361617","https://openalex.org/W4380203896","https://openalex.org/W2615196837","https://openalex.org/W2600459622","https://openalex.org/W2069196530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,108],"study":[2],"applies":[3],"a":[4,39,48,117,131],"computational":[5,109],"approach":[6,51,110],"to":[7,21,91],"clustering":[8,64,79],"grayscale":[9],"images":[10,45],"of":[11,25,42,94,126,134],"rock":[12,128],"reliefs":[13,129],"from":[14],"the":[15,23,88,92],"Caria,":[16],"Pisidia":[17],"and":[18,46,59,74,115,120],"Kibyratis":[19],"region":[20],"detect":[22],"number":[24],"potential":[26],"master":[27,97],"carvers":[28],"and/or":[29],"schools":[30,99],"responsible":[31],"for":[32,123],"these":[33],"ancient":[34,127],"artifacts.":[35],"The":[36,77],"model":[37],"uses":[38],"dataset":[40],"consisting":[41],"only":[43],"100":[44],"employs":[47],"feature":[49,60],"extraction":[50],"combining":[52],"edge":[53],"detection,":[54],"texture":[55],"analysis,":[56,58],"shape":[57],"descriptors.":[61],"We":[62],"evaluate":[63],"performance":[65],"using":[66],"multiple":[67],"metrics":[68],"including":[69],"silhouette":[70],"score,":[71],"Davies-Bouldin":[72],"index,":[73],"Calinski-Harabasz":[75],"index.":[76],"optimal":[78],"solution":[80],"identified":[81],"probably":[82],"two":[83,95],"distinct":[84],"stylistic":[85,124],"groups":[86],"among":[87],"reliefs,":[89],"corresponding":[90],"presence":[93],"different":[96],"carvers,":[98],"or":[100],"workshops":[101],"as":[102,130],"previously":[103],"considered":[104],"by":[105],"human":[106],"experts.":[107],"complements":[111],"traditional":[112],"archaeological":[113],"methods":[114],"provides":[116],"more":[118],"objective":[119],"analytical":[121],"basis":[122],"classification":[125],"preliminary":[132],"proof":[133],"concept.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}
