{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129638136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003773504-20","title":"A multimodal machine learning framework for ADHD diagnosis and gender classification using neurobehavioral data","display_name":"A multimodal machine learning framework for ADHD diagnosis and gender classification using neurobehavioral data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129638136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003773504-20"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781003773504-20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003773504-20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003773504-20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connecting Intelligence","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129486128","display_name":"Connecting Intelligence"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126213602","display_name":"S. Srija","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Srija","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126179999","display_name":"Madhura Patil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhura Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146668435","display_name":"Shubham Verma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubham Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126243133","display_name":"Abhishek Sutar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Sutar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118613401","display_name":"Amey Muchandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amey Muchandi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076142613","display_name":"Salma S. Shahapur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-0084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-0084"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salma Shahapur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"110","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adhd-diagnosis","display_name":"ADHD diagnosis","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-classification","display_name":"gender classification","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-prediction","display_name":"sex prediction","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-data-integration","display_name":"multimodal data integration","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-connectome","display_name":"functional connectome","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fmri","display_name":"functional MRI","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-assessment","display_name":"behavioral assessment","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"neuroimaging","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightgbm","display_name":"LightGBM","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smote","display_name":"SMOTE","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest-feature-selection","display_name":"random forest feature selection","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.8700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.7519000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7161999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6956999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6492999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5726000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45715564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292103","display_name":"Connectome","level":3,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018011982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Functional connectivity","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909253567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417240","display_name":"Atomoxetine hydrochloride","level":5,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227256","display_name":"Data classification","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781003773504-20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003773504-20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003773504-20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connecting Intelligence","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7129633399","https://openalex.org/W7161794209","https://openalex.org/W4413979161","https://openalex.org/W7117295348","https://openalex.org/W7126231481","https://openalex.org/W7129233187","https://openalex.org/W7128362538","https://openalex.org/W2135264250","https://openalex.org/W4320513483","https://openalex.org/W7129576724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity":[0],"disorder":[1,9],"(ADHD)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,35,92,98],"complex":[5],"and":[6,14,28,44,51,69,97,125,140,155,167],"prevalent":[7],"neurodevelopmental":[8],"marked":[10],"by":[11,83,118],"inattention,":[12],"impulsivity,":[13],"hyperactivity,":[15],"which":[16],"collectively":[17],"impair":[18],"daily":[19],"functioning.":[20],"In":[21],"response":[22],"to":[23,47],"the":[24,152,158,163],"demand":[25],"for":[26,79,85,102,114,120],"scalable":[27],"objective":[29],"diagnostic":[30,70],"tools,":[31],"this":[32],"study":[33],"presents":[34],"machine":[36],"learning":[37],"(ML)":[38],"framework":[39],"that":[40],"integrates":[41],"demographic,":[42],"behavioral,":[43],"neuroimaging-derived":[45],"data":[46,56],"both":[48,138],"classify":[49],"ADHD":[50,73,172],"infer":[52],"gender":[53],"distributions.":[54],"Four":[55],"modalities":[57],"were":[58],"utilized,":[59],"including":[60],"clinical":[61,153],"metadata,":[62],"fMRI-based":[63],"functional":[64],"connectome":[65,168],"matrices,":[66],"behavioral":[67,166],"assessments,":[68],"labels.":[71],"For":[72,108],"classification,":[74],"Random":[75],"Forest":[76],"was":[77,112],"used":[78,113],"feature":[80,115],"selection,":[81,116],"followed":[82,117],"XGBoost":[84],"modeling,":[86],"achieving":[87],"an":[88,129],"accuracy":[89,131],"of":[90,95,100,132,147,157,165],"81.02%,":[91],"macro-averaged":[93],"Fl-score":[94],"0.76,":[96],"recall":[99],"92%":[101],"ADHD-positive":[103],"individuals\u2014demonstrating":[104],"strong":[105],"screening":[106],"potential.":[107],"sex":[109],"prediction,":[110],"LightGBM":[111],"SVM":[119],"modeling":[121],"with":[122,134],"threshold":[123],"optimization":[124],"SMOTE":[126],"balancing":[127],"produced":[128],"overall":[130],"87%,":[133],"balanced":[135],"performance":[136],"across":[137],"male":[139],"female":[141],"classes":[142],"(macro":[143],"F":[144],"1":[145],"-score":[146],"0.87).":[148],"These":[149],"results":[150],"underscore":[151],"relevance":[154],"generalizability":[156],"proposed":[159],"model,":[160],"while":[161],"highlighting":[162],"potential":[164],"features":[169],"in":[170],"data-driven":[171],"diagnostics.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2026-02-18T00:00:00"}