{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129575883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","title":"The skin color and gender of high-fidelity simulation manikins in US simulation centers and their use in cultural humility training","display_name":"The skin color and gender of high-fidelity simulation manikins in US simulation centers and their use in cultural humility training","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129575883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},"volume":null,"type":"supplementary-materials","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064485963","display_name":"Marie Wofford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-7132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-7132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334069289","display_name":"Carolinas Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/0594s0e67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334069289"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wofford, Marie Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carolinas Healthcare System"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolinas Healthcare System","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334069289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063284527","display_name":"Cortlyn Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-0624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-0624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334069289","display_name":"Carolinas Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/0594s0e67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334069289"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brown, Cortlyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carolinas Healthcare System"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carolinas Healthcare System","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334069289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092452332","display_name":"Bernard Walston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walston, Bernard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035894913","display_name":"Heidi Whiteside","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Whiteside, Heidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wake Forest University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wake Forest University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041657541","display_name":"Joseph Rigdon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-0752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-0752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rigdon, Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wake Forest University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wake Forest University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123474486","display_name":"Philip Turk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29606459","display_name":"University of Mississippi Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/044pcn091","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29606459","https://openalex.org/I4210141039"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turk, Philip","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Mississippi Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mississippi Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29606459"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":0.03530000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-humility","display_name":"cultural humility","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-simulation","display_name":"simulation-based medical education","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-representation","display_name":"gender representation","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-center","display_name":"simulation center","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-competence-training","display_name":"cultural competence training","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17051641","display_name":"Cultural humility","level":3,"score":0.7633000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186677","display_name":"Humility","level":2,"score":0.7623999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019497199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853516","display_name":"Skin color","level":2,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191988596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374","display_name":"Null hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018222959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832986","display_name":"Simulation training","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8313099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6733999848365784}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7129235825","https://openalex.org/W4384027737","https://openalex.org/W2565182333","https://openalex.org/W2307818138","https://openalex.org/W2747976017","https://openalex.org/W4386200258","https://openalex.org/W4405531855","https://openalex.org/W1538497448","https://openalex.org/W7123377843","https://openalex.org/W4231462549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Objective":[1],"Our":[2,126],"objectives":[3],"were":[4,38,69,100,173,191,215],"to":[5,16,21,40,94,102],"evaluate":[6,22],"what":[7],"proportion":[8,73,81,89],"of":[9,32,55,74,82,90,133,148,167,186,238],"simulation":[10,14,41,93,137,151,156,219],"centers":[11,42,91,138,152,220],"use":[12],"high-fidelity":[13],"manikins":[15,56,140,154,172,190,229],"teach":[17,95,222],"cultural":[18,59,96,159,223],"humility,":[19],"and":[20,27,53,57,66,77,84,87,113,170,180,188,195,209,235],"if":[23,58],"manikin":[24],"skin":[25,51,109,203,236],"color":[26,52,110,204],"sex":[28,234],"breakdown":[29],"are":[30],"representative":[31],"the":[33,72,80,88,104,121,134,149,233,239],"USA":[34,240],"population.":[35,241],"Methods":[36],"Surveys":[37],"sent":[39],"from":[43,120],"our":[44],"simple":[45],"random":[46],"sample.":[47],"Key":[48],"outcomes":[49],"included":[50],"gender":[54,210],"humility":[60,160,224],"was":[61,111,115,129],"taught":[62],"via":[63,225],"simulation.":[64],"Point":[65],"interval":[67],"estimates":[68],"calculated":[70],"for":[71],"light-,":[75,168],"medium-,":[76,169],"dark-colored":[78,171],"manikins,":[79,86],"female":[83,189],"male":[85,187],"using":[92],"humility.":[97],"Confidence":[98],"intervals":[99],"employed":[101],"test":[103],"null":[105,200],"hypothesis":[106],"that":[107,202],"light/medium/dark":[108],"60/20/20":[112,207],"female/male":[114],"50/50":[116,213],"which":[117],"is":[118],"extrapolated":[119],"US":[122],"Census":[123],"data.":[124],"Results":[125],"response":[127],"rate":[128],"75%":[130],"(41/55).":[131],"All":[132],"41":[135,150],"responding":[136],"had":[139],"(1.0000,":[141],"95%":[142,162],"CI:":[143,163],"0.9180,":[144],"1.0000).":[145],"Twenty":[146],"seven":[147],"with":[153,158],"reported":[155],"scenarios":[157],"(0.6585,":[161],"0.5127,":[164],"0.8044).":[165],"Proportions":[166,185],"0.5150":[174],"(0.4669,":[175],"0.5625),":[176],"0.3086":[177],"(0.2651,":[178],"0.3547),":[179],"0.1764":[181],"(0.1563,":[182],"0.1964),":[183],"respectively.":[184],"0.6402":[192],"(0.6163,":[193],"0.6640)":[194],"0.3598":[196],"(0.3360,":[197],"0.3837).":[198],"The":[199],"hypotheses":[201],"follows":[205,211],"a":[206,212],"split":[208,214],"rejected.":[216],"Conclusions":[217],"Most":[218],"surveyed":[221],"simulation,":[226],"however":[227],"their":[228],"do":[230],"not":[231],"reflect":[232],"tone":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-02-18T00:00:00"}
