{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129068321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70250","title":"Novel Imidazoquinoline Based TLR7 Agonist Induces Antileishmanial Efficacy\u2010An In Vitro Study","display_name":"Novel Imidazoquinoline Based TLR7 Agonist Induces Antileishmanial Efficacy\u2010An In Vitro Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129068321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70250","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41693479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ddr.70250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26306840","display_name":"Drug Development Research","issn_l":"0272-4391","issn":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Development Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069040111","display_name":"Shivani Thakur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-7749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-7749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivani Thakur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Panjab University Chandigarh India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Panjab University Chandigarh India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009382353","display_name":"Kushvinder Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5857-8268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5857-8268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kushvinder Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125907615","display_name":"Sandeep Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-5285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-5285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Panjab University Chandigarh India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Panjab University Chandigarh India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159652366","display_name":"Sanjana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Panjab University Chandigarh India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Panjab University Chandigarh India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044329084","display_name":"Binita Sihag","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binita Sihag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159736049","display_name":"Deepak B. Salunke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146715","display_name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/040dgqr26","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146715"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152674","display_name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0418yqg16","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deepak B. Salunke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India","Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali Punjab India","National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials Panjab University Chandigarh India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali Punjab India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146715","https://openalex.org/I4210152674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials Panjab University Chandigarh India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035201080","display_name":"Sukhbir Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-7950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-7950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sukhbir Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Panjab University Chandigarh India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-7950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Panjab University Chandigarh India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035201080","https://openalex.org/A5159736049"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146715","https://openalex.org/I4210152674","https://openalex.org/I51452335"],"apc_list":{"value":3980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87809019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"2","first_page":"e70250","last_page":"e70250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14099","display_name":"Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imidazoquinolines","display_name":"imidazoquinolines","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr7-agonist","display_name":"TLR7 agonist","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antileishmanial-activity","display_name":"antileishmanial activity","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visceral-leishmaniasis","display_name":"visceral leishmaniasis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmania-donovani","display_name":"Leishmania donovani","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miltefosine","display_name":"miltefosine","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-cycle-arrest","display_name":"cell cycle arrest","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulatory-therapy","display_name":"immunomodulatory therapy","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779836521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914081","display_name":"TLR7","level":5,"score":0.84170001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.7840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.7357000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781371782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493771","display_name":"Leishmania mexicana","level":4,"score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524818","display_name":"Leishmania","level":3,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781333301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950752","display_name":"Leishmania donovani","level":4,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111113717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725307","display_name":"Pharmacodynamics","level":3,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199529486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7557912","display_name":"Solid lipid nanoparticle","level":3,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778689377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2046113","display_name":"Visceral leishmaniasis","level":3,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000097912","descriptor_name":"Toll-Like Receptor Agonists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000981","descriptor_name":"Antiprotozoal Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000981","descriptor_name":"Antiprotozoal Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007093","descriptor_name":"Imidazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007093","descriptor_name":"Imidazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007893","descriptor_name":"Leishmania donovani","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007898","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Visceral","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007898","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Visceral","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011804","descriptor_name":"Quinolines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011804","descriptor_name":"Quinolines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017382","descriptor_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051199","descriptor_name":"Toll-Like Receptor 7","qualifier_ui":"Q000819","qualifier_name":"agonists","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ddr.70250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26306840","display_name":"Drug Development Research","issn_l":"0272-4391","issn":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Development Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41693479","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41693479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug development research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G392949597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"09/135(0834)/2019\u2010EMR\u2010I","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320721","funder_display_name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320721","display_name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India","ror":"https://ror.org/021wm7p51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1951080633","https://openalex.org/W1973231585","https://openalex.org/W1988400258","https://openalex.org/W1997188673","https://openalex.org/W1998926705","https://openalex.org/W2012132820","https://openalex.org/W2023902449","https://openalex.org/W2068541511","https://openalex.org/W2072093321","https://openalex.org/W2112930860","https://openalex.org/W2148537672","https://openalex.org/W2155561496","https://openalex.org/W2198907191","https://openalex.org/W2587598582","https://openalex.org/W2589682110","https://openalex.org/W2728434017","https://openalex.org/W2772340834","https://openalex.org/W2775643792","https://openalex.org/W2901627884","https://openalex.org/W2908060479","https://openalex.org/W2936398087","https://openalex.org/W2945216648","https://openalex.org/W2946775337","https://openalex.org/W2947127911","https://openalex.org/W2971783166","https://openalex.org/W3153567553","https://openalex.org/W3158913722","https://openalex.org/W3201962109","https://openalex.org/W4225271094","https://openalex.org/W4311814269","https://openalex.org/W4313909676","https://openalex.org/W4396895620","https://openalex.org/W4399572712","https://openalex.org/W4400881956","https://openalex.org/W4408031543","https://openalex.org/W4415369040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3158913722","https://openalex.org/W4415369040","https://openalex.org/W7160847089","https://openalex.org/W4379013655","https://openalex.org/W2112930860","https://openalex.org/W2031707865","https://openalex.org/W2133561339","https://openalex.org/W7170114666","https://openalex.org/W7098816180","https://openalex.org/W1975103135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Leishmaniasis":[1],"elimination":[2],"and":[3,14,28,82,171],"control":[4],"remain":[5],"challenging":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,103,124,132],"the":[9,38,42,72,105,133,153,161,178],"lack":[10],"of":[11,26,36,44,57,114,128,143,183],"successful":[12],"treatment":[13],"possible":[15],"prevention.":[16],"A":[17,55],"suitable":[18],"anti\u2010leishmanial":[19,53,63],"medication":[20],"that":[21,167],"is":[22,30],"acceptable":[23],"in":[24,130,141,195],"terms":[25],"price":[27],"safety":[29],"currently":[31],"being":[32],"researched.":[33],"In":[34],"light":[35],"this,":[37],"current":[39],"study":[40],"examined":[41],"effectiveness":[43],"imidazoquinoline":[45],"based":[46],"selective":[47],"Toll\u2010like":[48],"receptor":[49],"(TLR)\u20107":[50],"agonists":[51,59,120],"as":[52],"agents.":[54],"library":[56],"TLR7":[58,119,155,168],"was":[60],"evaluated":[61],"for":[62,100,181],"efficacy":[64],"against":[65,97],"experimental":[66],"visceral":[67],"leishmaniasis":[68],"(VL).":[69],"Among":[70],"all":[71],"agonists,":[73],"2\u2010butyl\u20101\u2010(3,4\u2010dimethoxybenzyl)\u20101":[74],"H":[75],"\u2010imidazo[4,5\u2010":[76],"c":[77],"]quinolin\u20104\u2010amine":[78],"(":[79],"7":[80,170],")":[81],"its":[83,172],"niosomal":[84,173],"formulation":[85,174],"18":[86,175],"exhibited":[87],"better":[88],"activity":[89],"than":[90,160],"Miltefosine.":[91],"These":[92,164],"were":[93,139],"then":[94],"further":[95],"studied":[96],"Leishmania":[98],"donovani":[99],"their":[101,122,196],"ability":[102,123],"arrest":[104,125],"parasites":[106,129,150],"at":[107],"sub":[108],"G":[109],"0":[110],"/G":[111],"1":[112],"phase":[113],"cell":[115],"cycle.":[116],"The":[117],"selected":[118],"depicted":[121],"higher":[126,158],"percentage":[127],"comparison":[131],"standard":[134],"antileishmanial":[135],"drugs.":[136],"Similar":[137],"observations":[138],"seen":[140],"case":[142],"reactive":[144],"oxygen":[145],"species":[146],"(ROS)":[147],"generation":[148],"where":[149],"treated":[151],"with":[152],"lead":[154],"agonist":[156,169],"produced":[157],"ROS":[159],"untreated":[162],"parasites.":[163],"results":[165],"suggest":[166],"could":[176,193],"be":[177],"promising":[179],"hits":[180],"development":[182],"a":[184],"novel":[185],"drug":[186],"treating":[187],"VL.":[188],"However":[189],"additional":[190],"in\u2010vivo":[191],"studies":[192],"aid":[194],"future":[197],"advancement.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00"}