{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128934056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040824","title":"A Novel Ambiguity Resolution Method for Array Signals via Wavefront Modulation","display_name":"A Novel Ambiguity Resolution Method for Array Signals via Wavefront Modulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128934056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics15040824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/15/4/824/pdf?version=1771060263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/15/4/824/pdf?version=1771060263","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126033216","display_name":"Yuhui Lei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhui Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125441891","display_name":"Fubo Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fubo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126013241","display_name":"Wenjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-1368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-1368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-1368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046393206","display_name":"Yihao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-0394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-0394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-0394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025884811","display_name":"Longyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-6973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-6973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147502682","display_name":"Shuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6874-4255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6874-4255"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6874-4255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125441891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08418451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"824","last_page":"824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavefront-modulation","display_name":"wavefront modulation","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-lens","display_name":"plasma lens","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating-lobe-suppression","display_name":"grating lobe suppression","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"compressed sensing","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-matching-pursuit","display_name":"orthogonal matching pursuit","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-imaging","display_name":"3D imaging","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"digital elevation model","score":0.902999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.7466999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208292","display_name":"Point target","level":3,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50878840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3206297","display_name":"Ambiguity function","level":4,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70958404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512728","display_name":"Signal reconstruction","level":4,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62282787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831483","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","level":5,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146064661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186152","display_name":"Array data structure","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166923610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673925","display_name":"Main lobe","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145177509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse array","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137705275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571946","display_name":"Antenna aperture","level":4,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics15040824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/15/4/824/pdf?version=1771060263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics15040824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040824","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/15/4/824/pdf?version=1771060263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8437906503677368}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1127771071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFA0715404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3313142371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201554","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128934056.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128934056.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aimed":[0],"at":[1],"the":[2,43,47,63,68,73,81,87,93,112,125,131,138,143,155,166,176,188,196,204,218],"elevation":[3,244],"ambiguity":[4],"problem":[5],"in":[6,199,203,213,239],"array":[7,35,53,69,76],"synthetic":[8],"aperture":[9],"radar":[10],"(SAR)":[11],"three-dimensional":[12],"imaging,":[13],"this":[14],"paper":[15],"proposes":[16],"a":[17,147,184,223],"novel":[18],"ambiguity-resolving":[19],"method":[20,44,145],"based":[21,100],"on":[22,101,232],"wavefront":[23,41,59],"modulation.":[24],"By":[25],"introducing":[26],"measured":[27],"plasma":[28],"lens":[29],"modulation":[30,60],"phases":[31],"and":[32,78,106,183,216,247],"constructing":[33],"an":[34,97],"SAR":[36],"signal":[37,94],"echo":[38],"model":[39,245],"incorporating":[40],"modulation,":[42],"effectively":[45],"overcomes":[46],"physical":[48],"size":[49,230],"limitations":[50],"of":[51,67,75,151,179,190,206,215],"traditional":[52,156],"antennas.":[54],"Theoretical":[55],"analysis":[56,189],"demonstrates":[57],"that":[58,123],"significantly":[61],"reduces":[62],"grating":[64],"lobe":[65],"level":[66],"pattern,":[70],"equivalently":[71],"increasing":[72],"number":[74],"channels":[77],"thereby":[79],"shortening":[80],"shortest":[82],"baseline":[83],"length,":[84],"which":[85],"enhances":[86],"system\u2019s":[88],"maximum":[89,140,167],"unambiguous":[90,141,168],"height.":[91],"At":[92],"processing":[95],"level,":[96],"observation":[98,132],"equation":[99],"compressed":[102],"sensing":[103],"is":[104,109,134,170],"established,":[105],"target":[107],"reconstruction":[108,148,158,178],"achieved":[110],"using":[111],"Orthogonal":[113],"Matching":[114],"Pursuit":[115],"(OMP)":[116],"algorithm.":[117],"Monte":[118],"Carlo":[119],"simulation":[120],"results":[121],"indicate":[122],"under":[124],"same":[126],"signal-to-noise":[127],"ratio":[128],"conditions,":[129],"when":[130],"range":[133,169],"extended":[135],"to":[136,227],"twice":[137],"theoretical":[139,192],"height,":[142],"proposed":[144],"maintains":[146],"success":[149,159],"rate":[150,160],"over":[152],"95%,":[153],"whereas":[154],"method\u2019s":[157,197],"drops":[161],"rapidly":[162],"below":[163],"40%":[164],"once":[165],"exceeded.":[171],"This":[172,220],"study":[173,221],"also":[174],"investigates":[175],"3D":[177,249],"spatial":[180,207],"point":[181,208],"targets":[182,202,209],"rectangular":[185],"building,":[186],"with":[187,235],"their":[191],"ambiguous":[193,201],"positions":[194],"confirming":[195],"effectiveness":[198],"suppressing":[200],"vicinity":[205],"as":[210,212,242],"well":[211],"front":[214],"behind":[217],"structure.":[219],"provides":[222],"new":[224],"technical":[225],"approach":[226],"overcoming":[228],"antenna":[229],"constraints":[231],"airborne":[233],"platforms,":[234],"significant":[236],"application":[237],"value":[238],"fields":[240],"such":[241],"digital":[243],"construction":[246],"urban":[248],"imaging.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-02-15T00:00:00"}