{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128928670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040574","title":"Prognostic Impact of the Gustave Roussy Immune Score on Cancer-Specific Survival and Treatment Completion in Patients with Bladder Cancer","display_name":"Prognostic Impact of the Gustave Roussy Immune Score on Cancer-Specific Survival and Treatment Completion in Patients with Bladder Cancer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128928670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040574","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41750722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16040574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/4/574/pdf?version=1771843470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/4/574/pdf?version=1771843470","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085378032","display_name":"Neslihan \u00d6zyurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-8983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-8983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64957398","display_name":"Ordu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0hn449","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64957398"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neslihan \u00d6zyurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology, Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Alt\u0131nordu 52200, Ordu, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-8983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Alt\u0131nordu 52200, Ordu, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64957398"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013674597","display_name":"Aykut Turhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-9816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-9816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64957398","display_name":"Ordu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0hn449","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64957398"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aykut Turhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology, Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Alt\u0131nordu 52200, Ordu, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-9816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Alt\u0131nordu 52200, Ordu, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64957398"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085378032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64957398"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":5.5567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94764103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"574","last_page":"574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12334","display_name":"Lung Cancer Research Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-cancer","display_name":"bladder cancer","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-specific-survival","display_name":"cancer-specific survival","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-completion","display_name":"treatment completion","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albumin","display_name":"albumin","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate-dehydrogenase","display_name":"lactate dehydrogenase","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio","display_name":"neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radical-cystectomy","display_name":"radical cystectomy","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-preservation","display_name":"bladder preservation","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/progression-free-survival","display_name":"progression-free survival","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-survival","display_name":"overall survival","score":0.9850000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9067999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504775","display_name":"Bladder cancer","level":3,"score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.7534999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245995","display_name":"Cystectomy","level":4,"score":0.7372999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019894029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Overall survival","level":2,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776907518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1734165","display_name":"Performance status","level":3,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Survival rate","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017","display_name":"Cancer registry","level":3,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779762690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9382","display_name":"Urinary bladder","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164465091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248371","display_name":"Prognostic variable","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16040574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/4/574/pdf?version=1771843470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41750722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41750722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c65df1da14c4feab8f9abbfc13adf3f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c65df1da14c4feab8f9abbfc13adf3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 574 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12939023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12939023/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16040574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/4/574/pdf?version=1771843470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8672978281974792,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330999","display_name":"Ordu \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0hn449"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128928670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128928670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Bladder":[1],"cancer":[2,48,60,251],"has":[3],"diverse":[4],"clinical":[5],"outcomes,":[6],"even":[7],"in":[8,46,130,224,247],"patients":[9,57,128,151,248],"receiving":[10],"curative":[11,253],"treatment.":[12],"Traditional":[13],"clinicopathological":[14],"indicators":[15],"inadequately":[16],"assess":[17],"individual":[18],"risk.":[19],"The":[20,90,169,236],"Gustave":[21],"Roussy":[22],"Immune":[23],"Score":[24],"(GRIm-score),":[25],"which":[26],"combines":[27],"albumin,":[28],"lactate":[29],"dehydrogenase":[30],"(LDH),":[31],"and":[32,74,83,96,107,118,136,141,161,180,255],"neutrophil-to-lymphocyte":[33],"ratio":[34,209],"(NLR),":[35],"is":[36,256],"a":[37,145,153,166,196],"prognostic":[38,242],"factor":[39],"for":[40,88,175,183,244],"solid":[41],"tumors;":[42],"however,":[43],"its":[44],"role":[45],"bladder":[47,59,250],"remains":[49],"unclear.":[50],"Methods:":[51],"In":[52,191],"this":[53],"retrospective":[54],"cohort":[55],"study,":[56,132],"with":[58,133,152,165,202,249],"confirmed":[61],"through":[62],"histopathology":[63],"received":[64],"bladder-preserving":[65],"multimodal":[66],"therapy":[67,259],"or":[68],"radical":[69],"cystectomy":[70],"between":[71],"October":[72],"2010":[73],"April":[75],"2025.":[76],"Participants":[77],"were":[78,112],"grouped":[79],"into":[80],"low":[81,140,167,185],"(0\u20131)":[82],"high":[84,142,154,177,197,226],"(2\u20133)":[85],"GRImS":[86],"categories":[87],"analysis.":[89],"study":[91],"examined":[92],"cancer-specific":[93,205,245],"survival":[94,102,105,246],"(CSS)":[95],"the":[97,115,131,176,184,225],"secondary":[98],"outcomes":[99],"of":[100,126,148],"progression-free":[101],"(PFS),":[103],"overall":[104],"(OS),":[106],"treatment":[108,254],"completion.":[109,260],"Survival":[110],"analyses":[111],"performed":[113],"using":[114],"Kaplan\u2013Meier":[116],"method":[117],"Cox":[119,193],"proportional":[120],"hazard":[121],"regression.":[122],"Results:":[123],"A":[124],"total":[125],"89":[127],"participated":[129],"73":[134],"(82.0%)":[135],"16":[137],"(18.0%)":[138],"having":[139],"GRIm-Score.":[143],"During":[144],"median":[146,170],"follow-up":[147],"21.5":[149],"months,":[150],"GRIm-score":[155,178,186,198,227,237],"had":[156],"significantly":[157],"shorter":[158],"PFS,":[159],"OS,":[160],"CSS":[162,171],"than":[163],"those":[164],"GRIm-score.":[168],"was":[172,199,222],"14.07":[173],"months":[174,182],"group":[179,187,228],"27.75":[181],"(p":[188],"=":[189,218,233],"0.004).":[190],"multivariable":[192],"regression":[194],"analysis,":[195],"independently":[200],"associated":[201],"an":[203,240],"increased":[204],"mortality":[206],"risk":[207],"(hazard":[208],"[HR]":[210],"2.48,":[211],"95%":[212],"confidence":[213],"interval":[214],"[CI],":[215],"1.31\u20134.67;":[216],"p":[217,232],"0.005).":[219],"Treatment":[220],"completion":[221],"lower":[223],"(31.3%":[229],"vs.":[230],"64.4%,":[231],"0.031).":[234],"Conclusions:":[235],"serves":[238],"as":[239],"independent":[241],"indicator":[243],"undergoing":[252],"related":[257],"to":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-02-15T00:00:00"}
