{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128922007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","title":"The Urgency of the Indigenous Peoples Bill: Developing a Legal Framework for the Protection of Environmental Activists in Indonesia","display_name":"The Urgency of the Indigenous Peoples Bill: Developing a Legal Framework for the Protection of Environmental Activists in Indonesia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128922007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.idu.ac.id/index.php/DefenseJournal/article/download/19762/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219496","display_name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism dan Integrity","issn_l":"2087-9415","issn":["2087-9415","2549-9459"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112051","host_organization_name":"Indonesia Defense University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112051"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jurnal.idu.ac.id/index.php/DefenseJournal/article/download/19762/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141253282","display_name":"I Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-7760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-7760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132096736","display_name":"Warmadewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02eehp307","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132096736"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warmadewa University Bali"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warmadewa University Bali","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132096736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055740008","display_name":"Ali Azhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-164X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-164X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120560","display_name":"Universitas Islam Indragiri","ror":"https://ror.org/0247ag655","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Azhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indragiri Islamic University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indragiri Islamic University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070839889","display_name":"Muannif Ridwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-6185","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-6185"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muannif Ridwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meranti Institute of Technology and Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meranti Institute of Technology and Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001754472","display_name":"KMS Novyar Satriawan Fikri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-4437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-4437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120560","display_name":"Universitas Islam Indragiri","ror":"https://ror.org/0247ag655","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KMS. Novyar Satriawan Fikri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indragiri Islamic University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indragiri Islamic University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061151709","display_name":"Vivi Arfiani Siregar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120560","display_name":"Universitas Islam Indragiri","ror":"https://ror.org/0247ag655","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivi Ariani Siregar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indragiri Islamic University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indragiri Islamic University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126024369","display_name":"Ruben Cornelius Siagian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-7186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-7186"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Cornelius Siagian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center, Indonesian Young Scholars and Researchers (CITA), Medan, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center, Indonesian Young Scholars and Researchers (CITA), Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1755,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90665081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"135","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.3003000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.3003000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.26660001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.13600000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-defenders","display_name":"environmental defenders","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repression-of-activists","display_name":"repression of activists","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defamation-law","display_name":"defamation law","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-conflicts","display_name":"environmental conflicts","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-peoples","display_name":"indigenous peoples","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-justice","display_name":"environmental justice","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-governance","display_name":"natural resource governance","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780652975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761413","display_name":"Criminalization","level":2,"score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5131999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107525826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139042","display_name":"Legal pluralism","level":4,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479527","display_name":"Environmental justice","level":2,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776001114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920486","display_name":"Indigenous rights","level":3,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203404855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2855609","display_name":"Environmentalism","level":3,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128069549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328798","display_name":"Environmental law","level":2,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776713681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193170","display_name":"Ratification","level":3,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745341","display_name":"Impunity","level":3,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776351498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434188","display_name":"Sustenance","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780705272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903554","display_name":"Metis","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778814104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165105","display_name":"Contentious politics","level":4,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777528065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6503162","display_name":"Law and development","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374244","display_name":"Empirical legal studies","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95691615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237872","display_name":"Fundamental rights","level":3,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139997747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438484","display_name":"Alternative dispute resolution","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72838440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381367","display_name":"Environmental studies","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.idu.ac.id/index.php/DefenseJournal/article/download/19762/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219496","display_name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism dan Integrity","issn_l":"2087-9415","issn":["2087-9415","2549-9459"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112051","host_organization_name":"Indonesia Defense University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112051"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v11i1.19762","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.idu.ac.id/index.php/DefenseJournal/article/download/19762/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219496","display_name":"Jurnal Pertahanan Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity Nasionalism dan Integrity","issn_l":"2087-9415","issn":["2087-9415","2549-9459"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112051","host_organization_name":"Indonesia Defense University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112051"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128922007.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128922007.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651750266","https://openalex.org/W1917030596","https://openalex.org/W1972163780","https://openalex.org/W2075671064","https://openalex.org/W2125197543","https://openalex.org/W2163260751","https://openalex.org/W2331603287","https://openalex.org/W2463616132","https://openalex.org/W2756964136","https://openalex.org/W2930040016","https://openalex.org/W3158628160","https://openalex.org/W3200651943","https://openalex.org/W4313049254","https://openalex.org/W4362482971","https://openalex.org/W4380263036","https://openalex.org/W4399055491","https://openalex.org/W4402213511","https://openalex.org/W4403794283","https://openalex.org/W4408008678","https://openalex.org/W4408424177","https://openalex.org/W4411294821","https://openalex.org/W7101443013","https://openalex.org/W7143595948","https://openalex.org/W7216020730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7163644428","https://openalex.org/W4415729185","https://openalex.org/W7116866269","https://openalex.org/W4406593619","https://openalex.org/W7218100571","https://openalex.org/W7167904937","https://openalex.org/W4408424177","https://openalex.org/W7164671416","https://openalex.org/W7128225444","https://openalex.org/W4412457616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,119,144,201],"research":[1,32,83,145,205],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,31,55,95,102,122,170,173,195,208],"challenges":[4],"faced":[5],"by":[6,93,150,185],"environmental":[7,77,91,142],"and":[8,17,23,44,59,70,98,112,131,141,193,215,230],"indigenous":[9,80],"activists":[10],"in":[11,76,87,160,207,227],"Indonesia,":[12],"focusing":[13],"on":[14,67,155],"how":[15,156],"legal":[16,51,88,96,130,158,187,217],"institutional":[18,183],"frameworks":[19],"contribute":[20],"to":[21,46,72,109,136,147,163],"criminalization":[22,196],"repression.":[24],"Using":[25],"a":[26,128,152,221],"qualitative":[27],"case":[28,213],"study":[29],"approach,":[30],"analyzed":[33],"several":[34],"landmark":[35],"cases,":[36],"including":[37],"those":[38],"of":[39,50,57,124,172,197,203],"Daniel":[40],"Frits":[41],"Tangkilisan,":[42],"Jasmin,":[43],"others,":[45],"identify":[47],"recurring":[48],"patterns":[49],"intimidation,":[52],"particularly":[53],"through":[54],"misuse":[56],"defamation":[58],"subversion":[60],"provisions.":[61],"These":[62,104],"cases":[63],"were":[64],"selected":[65],"based":[66],"their":[68],"representativeness":[69],"relevance":[71],"broader":[73,129],"trends":[74],"observed":[75],"conflicts":[78],"involving":[79],"peoples.":[81],"identified":[84],"systemic":[85],"gaps":[86,105],"protection":[89],"for":[90,223],"defenders":[92],"tracing":[94],"trajectory":[97],"socio-political":[99],"context":[100],"surrounding":[101],"incidents.":[103],"allow":[106],"industrial":[107],"interests":[108],"suppress":[110],"dissent":[111],"perpetuate":[113],"ecological":[114],"damage":[115],"without":[116],"adequate":[117],"accountability.":[118],"findings":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"interconnectedness":[123],"these":[125,165],"patterns,":[126],"exposing":[127],"political":[132],"landscape":[133],"that":[134,169],"fails":[135],"adequately":[137],"safeguard":[138],"human":[139],"rights":[140],"justice.":[143],"contributes":[146],"academic":[148],"discourse":[149],"offering":[151],"critical":[153],"reflection":[154],"existing":[157],"instruments":[159],"Indonesia":[161],"fail":[162],"address":[164],"issues.":[166],"It":[167],"argues":[168],"passage":[171],"Indigenous":[174],"Peoples":[175],"Bill":[176],"could":[177],"be":[178],"an":[179],"important":[180],"step":[181],"toward":[182],"reform":[184],"strengthening":[186],"protections,":[188],"enabling":[189],"participatory":[190],"resource":[191],"governance,":[192],"reducing":[194],"legitimate":[198],"advocacy":[199],"efforts.":[200],"novelty":[202],"this":[204],"lies":[206],"analytical":[209],"link":[210],"between":[211],"individual":[212],"dynamics":[214],"structural":[216],"deficiencies,":[218],"which":[219],"provides":[220],"framework":[222],"policy":[224],"discussions":[225],"rooted":[226],"empirical":[228],"evidence":[229],"grounded":[231],"analysis.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-02-15T00:00:00"}
