{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128917208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261423748","title":"Association of Cardiometabolic Index with Mortality Risk in Early-Stage Cardiovascular\u2013Kidney\u2013Metabolic Syndrome and Its Potential Role in Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotypes: Evidence from NHANES 2007\u20132018","display_name":"Association of Cardiometabolic Index with Mortality Risk in Early-Stage Cardiovascular\u2013Kidney\u2013Metabolic Syndrome and Its Potential Role in Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotypes: Evidence from NHANES 2007\u20132018","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128917208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261423748","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41689783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15578518261423748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261423748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261423748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61453932","display_name":"Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders","issn_l":"1540-4196","issn":["1540-4196","1557-8518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085307538","display_name":"Haoyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6578-8421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6578-8421"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103956","display_name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f77gp95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6578-8421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026827293","display_name":"Yunhui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3502-1161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3502-1161","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0283-4428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103956","display_name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f77gp95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clean Operating Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3502-1161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clean Operating Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126041384","display_name":"Xue Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1197-0958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1197-0958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103956","display_name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f77gp95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1197-0958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5149740105","display_name":"Tianqi Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6657-116X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6657-116X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6657-116X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066250655","display_name":"Shouyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3342-0082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3342-0082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103956","display_name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f77gp95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shouyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3342-0082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066250655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103956"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08115934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"148","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiometabolic-index","display_name":"cardiometabolic index","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-risk","display_name":"mortality risk","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolically-unhealthy-obesity","display_name":"metabolically unhealthy obesity","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolically-healthy-obesity","display_name":"metabolically healthy obesity","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolically-unhealthy-normal-weight","display_name":"metabolically unhealthy normal weight","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waist-to-height-ratio","display_name":"waist-to-height ratio","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhanes","display_name":"NHANES","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight","display_name":"overweight","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-effects","display_name":"threshold effects","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.5037000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776210653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20707753","display_name":"Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities","level":3,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909478654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018284874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Cardiovascular health","level":3,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336293","display_name":"Risk of mortality","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000083202","descriptor_name":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083202","descriptor_name":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083202","descriptor_name":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083202","descriptor_name":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083202","descriptor_name":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059347","descriptor_name":"Cardio-Renal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059347","descriptor_name":"Cardio-Renal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059347","descriptor_name":"Cardio-Renal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059347","descriptor_name":"Cardio-Renal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059347","descriptor_name":"Cardio-Renal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059347","descriptor_name":"Cardio-Renal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059347","descriptor_name":"Cardio-Renal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15578518261423748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261423748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261423748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61453932","display_name":"Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders","issn_l":"1540-4196","issn":["1540-4196","1557-8518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41689783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41689783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6735532283782959,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322483","display_name":"China Primary Health Care Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/010387529"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488210487","https://openalex.org/W1946178666","https://openalex.org/W1991334358","https://openalex.org/W2018044449","https://openalex.org/W2158079900","https://openalex.org/W2585650645","https://openalex.org/W2956038290","https://openalex.org/W2961683851","https://openalex.org/W3018456801","https://openalex.org/W3026172159","https://openalex.org/W3088085199","https://openalex.org/W3152705473","https://openalex.org/W4310714298","https://openalex.org/W4321478770","https://openalex.org/W4322774851","https://openalex.org/W4365150850","https://openalex.org/W4387435427","https://openalex.org/W4387439311","https://openalex.org/W4392777592","https://openalex.org/W4399355142","https://openalex.org/W4399849355","https://openalex.org/W4405837280","https://openalex.org/W4407353765","https://openalex.org/W4411403131"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1],"cardiometabolic":[2],"index":[3,57],"(CMI)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,83,277],"a":[8,147,278],"composite":[9],"marker":[10],"of":[11,141,150,175,215,271],"metabolic":[12],"dysfunction.":[13],"However,":[14],"its":[15],"prognostic":[16],"value":[17,53],"for":[18,217,222,284],"mortality":[19,37,177,190,219,264],"in":[20,39,166,265],"early-stage":[21,266],"cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic":[22],"(CKM)":[23],"syndrome":[24],"remains":[25],"unclear.":[26],"This":[27,60],"study":[28,63],"aimed":[29],"to":[30,46,114,125,282],"evaluate":[31],"the":[32,68,95,138,167,199,226],"association":[33],"between":[34],"CMI":[35,49,80,142,169,214,233,256,274],"and":[36,45,71,108,156,188,220,229,262],"risk":[38,236],"individuals":[40,245],"with":[41,76,94,120,198,210,239,260,269,291],"CKM":[42,77,267],"stages":[43,78],"0-3,":[44],"assess":[47],"whether":[48],"provides":[50],"incremental":[51],"predictive":[52,139],"over":[54],"body":[55],"mass":[56],"(BMI).":[58],"METHODS:":[59],"retrospective":[61],"cohort":[62],"included":[64],"11,280":[65],"adults":[66],"from":[67],"National":[69,96],"Health":[70],"Nutrition":[72],"Examination":[73],"Survey":[74],"2007-2018":[75],"0-3.":[79],"was":[81],"calculated":[82],"(triglycerides/HDL-C)":[84],"\u00d7":[85],"waist-to-height":[86],"ratio.":[87],"Mortality":[88],"outcomes":[89],"were":[90,112,123],"ascertained":[91],"through":[92,99],"linkage":[93],"Death":[97],"Index":[98],"December":[100],"31,":[101],"2019.":[102],"Survey-weighted":[103],"Cox":[104],"proportional":[105],"hazards":[106],"regression":[107],"restricted":[109],"cubic":[110,203],"splines":[111],"used":[113],"examine":[115],"associations.":[116],"Kaplan-Meier":[117],"survival":[118,127,134,249],"curves":[119],"log-rank":[121],"tests":[122],"employed":[124],"compare":[126],"probabilities":[128],"across":[129],"CMI-BMI":[130],"discordance":[131],"phenotypes.":[132],"Random":[133],"forest":[135],"models":[136],"compared":[137,197,238],"performance":[140],"versus":[143],"BMI.":[144,240],"RESULTS:":[145],"During":[146],"median":[148],"follow-up":[149],"6.2":[151],"years,":[152],"623":[153],"all-cause":[154,176,218,261],"deaths":[155,159],"159":[157],"cardiovascular":[158,189,223,263],"occurred.":[160],"In":[161,225],"fully":[162],"adjusted":[163],"models,":[164],"participants":[165],"highest":[168],"quartile":[170],"had":[171],"significantly":[172,247],"elevated":[173],"risks":[174],"[hazard":[178],"ratio":[179],"(HR)":[180],"=":[181,192],"1.55,":[182],"95%":[183,194],"confidence":[184],"intervals":[185],"(CI):":[186],"1.15-2.09]":[187],"(HR":[191],"1.91,":[193],"CI:":[195],"1.05-3.46)":[196],"lowest":[200],"quartile.":[201],"Restricted":[202],"spline":[204],"analyses":[205],"revealed":[206],"significant":[207],"nonlinear":[208],"associations,":[209],"inflection":[211],"points":[212],"at":[213],"2.51":[216],"1.06":[221],"mortality.":[224],"overweight":[227],"subgroup":[228],"among":[230,289],"diabetic":[231],"patients,":[232],"demonstrated":[234],"superior":[235],"stratification":[237],"Notably,":[241],"metabolically":[242,251,292],"obese":[243,253],"normal-weight":[244],"exhibited":[246],"worse":[248],"than":[250],"healthy":[252],"individuals.":[254],"CONCLUSIONS:":[255],"is":[257],"independently":[258],"associated":[259],"syndrome,":[268],"evidence":[270],"threshold":[272],"effects.":[273],"may":[275],"serve":[276],"valuable":[279],"complementary":[280],"tool":[281],"BMI":[283],"identifying":[285],"high-risk":[286],"individuals,":[287],"particularly":[288],"those":[290],"unhealthy":[293],"phenotypes":[294],"masked":[295],"by":[296],"normal":[297],"weight":[298],"status.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2026-02-15T00:00:00"}