{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128917184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","title":"Soil-transmitted helminths associated with BMI in schoolchildren of Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan","display_name":"Soil-transmitted helminths associated with BMI in schoolchildren of Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128917184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41923843","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13037616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5455/javar.2025.l983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737042486","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","issn_l":"2311-7710","issn":["2311-7710"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319550","host_organization_name":"Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319550"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062445541","display_name":"Wali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-3257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-3257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109793649","display_name":"Ateeq Ullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ateeq Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072778676","display_name":"Majed Hamdi Wakid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majed Wakid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126005107","display_name":"Tabana Iman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tabana Iman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103242858","display_name":"Zubia Masood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-1644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-1644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129295671","display_name":"Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qyt4p67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129295671"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubia Masood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129295671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115732387","display_name":"Tanzeela Yousaf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153791","display_name":"Women University Swabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00f98bm36","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153791"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanzeela Yousaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Women University, Swabi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Women University, Swabi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029448727","display_name":"Patricio De los R\u00edos-Escalante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-7003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-7003"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricio Rios-Escalante","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031466710","display_name":"Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-5631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-5631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195631090","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mashael Aldamigh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084449761","display_name":"Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-624X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-624X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousef Fadladdin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":12000,"currency":"BDT","value_usd":250},"apc_paid":{"value":12000,"currency":"BDT","value_usd":250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"1228","last_page":"1228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10695","display_name":"Parasites and Host Interactions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10695","display_name":"Parasites and Host Interactions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11074","display_name":"Helminth infection and control","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-transmitted-helminths","display_name":"soil-transmitted helminths","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underweight","display_name":"underweight","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nematodes","display_name":"nematodes","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hookworm","display_name":"hookworm","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichuris-trichiura","display_name":"Trichuris trichiura","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helminth-prevalence","display_name":"helminth prevalence","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwashing-with-soap","display_name":"handwashing with soap","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footwear","display_name":"footwear","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malnutrition","display_name":"malnutrition","score":0.828000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146902","display_name":"Underweight","level":4,"score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6625999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165901193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3129936","display_name":"Helminths","level":2,"score":0.6309000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.6071000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6007000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186079640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719602","display_name":"Prevalence","level":3,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776610293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92781801","display_name":"Malnutrition in children","level":3,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779459945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842428","display_name":"Ascariasis","level":3,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578994","display_name":"Helminthiasis","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778357586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7857","display_name":"Toilet","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910810009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578994","display_name":"Helminth infections","level":3,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019613579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Personal hygiene","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993872733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family health","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777101753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5433336","display_name":"Family income","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781169800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475510","display_name":"Intestinal parasite","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5455/javar.2025.l983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737042486","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","issn_l":"2311-7710","issn":["2311-7710"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319550","host_organization_name":"Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319550"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13037616","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13037616/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13037616/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Adv Vet Anim Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41923843","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41923843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af033f77213a40b5b5903e84b4bad129","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af033f77213a40b5b5903e84b4bad129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 1228-1236 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5455/javar.2025.l983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2025.l983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737042486","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","issn_l":"2311-7710","issn":["2311-7710"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319550","host_organization_name":"Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319550"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4359000027179718,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128917184.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128917184.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289869902","https://openalex.org/W1965018406","https://openalex.org/W2066587668","https://openalex.org/W2132502447","https://openalex.org/W2149791168","https://openalex.org/W2151211884","https://openalex.org/W2166343368","https://openalex.org/W2185378148","https://openalex.org/W2204562686","https://openalex.org/W2340206441","https://openalex.org/W2414074023","https://openalex.org/W2768994933","https://openalex.org/W2781799475","https://openalex.org/W2953596138","https://openalex.org/W2980844639","https://openalex.org/W3023476444","https://openalex.org/W3026091083","https://openalex.org/W3043448293","https://openalex.org/W3137727580","https://openalex.org/W3164688404","https://openalex.org/W3165181181","https://openalex.org/W3194880853","https://openalex.org/W3216683153","https://openalex.org/W4206544765","https://openalex.org/W4294798024","https://openalex.org/W4294991290","https://openalex.org/W4317622381","https://openalex.org/W4381856486","https://openalex.org/W4390762359","https://openalex.org/W4393240327","https://openalex.org/W4403232598","https://openalex.org/W7162853366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949690980","https://openalex.org/W4414546092","https://openalex.org/W4367555824","https://openalex.org/W4415272585","https://openalex.org/W2613615748","https://openalex.org/W4220993194","https://openalex.org/W3000361183","https://openalex.org/W3083391802","https://openalex.org/W4413311117","https://openalex.org/W2015992908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,238],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,70,194],"determine":[5],"the":[6,17,71,98,115,147],"association":[7,202,207],"between":[8,43,208],"soil-transmitted":[9,209],"helminths":[10,210],"and":[11,26,46,49,53,57,89,105,128,169,192,213,229,253,268,273],"body":[12],"mass":[13],"index":[14],"(BMI)":[15],"among":[16],"school":[18],"children":[19,137,262],"of":[20,87,91,112,119,134,136,149,162,167,224],"Chakdara,":[21],"Lower":[22],"Dir,":[23],"Pakistan.":[24],"Materials":[25],"Methods:":[27],"Students":[28,108],"aged":[29],"5\u201315":[30],"years":[31,111,126,130],"participated":[32],"in":[33,255],"this":[34],"study.":[35],"Stool":[36],"specimens":[37],"were":[38,59,97,144,159,173],"collected":[39],"from":[40],"130":[41],"students":[42,225],"August":[44],"2020":[45],"September":[47],"2021":[48],"examined":[50],"both":[51],"macroscopically":[52],"microscopically.":[54],"The":[55,78,206,236],"height":[56],"weight":[58],"measured,":[60],"then":[61],"classified":[62],"as":[63,83,175,189],"normal":[64,140,155],"BMI":[65,68,215],"or":[66],"underweight":[67,214,241],"according":[69],"World":[72],"Health":[73],"Organization":[74],"range":[75],"criteria.":[76],"Results:":[77],"overall":[79],"prevalence":[80,117],"was":[81],"noted":[82],"38.5%,":[84],"with":[85,109,124,164],"35.9%":[86],"males":[88],"43.9%":[90],"females":[92],"being":[93],"infected.":[94],"Roundworms":[95],"(56%)":[96],"most":[99],"prevalent,":[100],"followed":[101,121],"by":[102,122],"hookworms":[103],"(28%)":[104],"whipworms":[106],"(16%).":[107],"5\u20138":[110],"experience":[113],"presented":[114],"highest":[116],"rate":[118],"41.2%,":[120],"those":[123],"9\u201312":[125],"(33.3%)":[127],"13\u201315":[129],"(40%).":[131],"A":[132],"total":[133],"30%":[135],"had":[138,153],"a":[139,154,195,221,243,265],"BMI,":[141,156],"while":[142,157,185],"70%":[143],"underweight.":[145,160],"Of":[146],"38.5%":[148],"infected":[150],"children,":[151],"26%":[152],"74%":[158],"Lack":[161],"handwashing":[163],"soap,":[165],"lack":[166],"footwear,":[168],"low":[170],"family":[171,190],"income":[172],"identified":[174],"significant":[176,201],"risk":[177,244],"factors":[178],"(p-value":[179,203,216],"<":[180],"0.05)":[181],"for":[182,246],"helminth":[183],"infection,":[184,248],"other":[186],"factors,":[187],"such":[188],"size":[191],"access":[193],"toilet":[196],"at":[197],"home,":[198],"showed":[199],"no":[200],"=":[204,217],"0.05).":[205],"(STH)":[211],"infection":[212,259],"0.20),":[218],"even":[219],"though":[220],"sizable":[222],"portion":[223],"possessed":[226],"BMIs,":[227],"heights,":[228],"weights":[230],"below":[231],"standard":[232],"reference":[233],"ranges.":[234],"Conclusion:":[235],"present":[237],"concludes":[239],"that":[240],"is":[242],"factor":[245],"STH":[247],"reflecting":[249],"poor":[250],"hygiene":[251,274],"standards":[252],"malnutrition":[254],"children.":[256],"To":[257],"reduce":[258],"rates,":[260],"these":[261],"must":[263],"adopt":[264],"better":[266,270],"diet":[267],"practice":[269],"personal,":[271],"environmental,":[272],"habits.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-02-15T00:00:00"}